advertisement

Rage Sauyin Yanayi: Dasa Bishiyoyi A Cikin Artic Yana Mummunar Dumamar Duniya

Maido da dazuzzuka da dashen bishiya shiri ne da aka kafa don rage sauyin yanayi. Duk da haka, amfani da wannan hanyar a cikin arctic tana daɗaɗa ɗumamar yanayi kuma ba ta da amfani ga rage sauyin yanayi. Wannan saboda ɗaukar hoto yana rage albedo (ko hasken hasken rana) kuma yana ƙara duhu saman wanda ke haifar da dumama (saboda bishiyoyi suna ɗaukar zafi daga rana fiye da dusar ƙanƙara). Bugu da ari, ayyukan dashen bishiya kuma suna dagula tafkin carbon na ƙasa arctic wanda ke adana ƙarin carbon fiye da duk tsire-tsire a duniya. Don haka, tsarin rage sauyin yanayi bai kamata ya zama mai mai da hankali kan carbon ba. Canjin yanayi shine game da ma'auni na makamashin duniya (cibin makamashin hasken rana yana zama a cikin yanayi da makamashin hasken rana yana barin yanayi). Adadin iskar gas na ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun zafin da ake riƙe a cikin yanayin duniya. A cikin yankunan arctic, a manyan latitudes, tasirin albedo (watau hangen nesa na hasken rana baya zuwa sararin samaniya ba tare da canza shi zuwa zafi ba) ya fi mahimmanci (fiye da tasirin greenhouse saboda ajiyar carbon na yanayi) don jimlar makamashi. Don haka, gabaɗayan manufar rage sauyin yanayi yana buƙatar cikakken tsari.   

Tsire-tsire da dabbobi suna ci gaba da sakin carbon dioxide (CO2) a cikin yanayi ta hanyar numfashi. Wasu abubuwan da suka faru na halitta kamar gobarar daji da fashewar volcanic suma suna sakin CO2 a cikin yanayi. Abubuwan da aka bayar na Atmospheric CO2 ana kiyaye shi ta hanyar sarrafa carbon na yau da kullun ta tsire-tsire masu kore a gaban hasken rana ta hanyar photosynthesis. Koyaya, ayyukan ɗan adam tun daga 18th karni, musamman hakar da kuma kona burbushin man fetur kamar kwal, man fetur, da kuma iskar gas, sun tayar da taro na yanayi CO.2.  

Abin sha'awa, karuwa a cikin maida hankali na CO2 a cikin yanayi an san yana nuna tasirin hadi na carbon (watau kore shuke-shuke photosynthesize fiye da amsa ga ƙarin CO2 a cikin yanayi). An danganta wani yanki mai kyau na nutsewar iskar carbon na yanzu zuwa wannan haɓakar photosynthesis na duniya don mayar da martani ga tashin CO.2. A lokacin 1982-2020, photosynthesis na duniya ya karu da kusan 12% a cikin martani ga karuwar 17% na yawan carbon dioxide a cikin yanayi daga 360 ppm zuwa 420 ppm1,2.  

A bayyane yake, haɓaka photosynthesis na duniya ba zai iya sarrafa duk hayaƙin carbon na ɗan adam tun lokacin da aka fara masana'antu. A sakamakon haka, iskar carbon dioxide (CO2) ya ƙaru sosai da kusan 50% a cikin ƙarni biyu da suka gabata zuwa 422 ppm (a cikin Satumba 2024)3 wanda shine 150% na ƙimarsa a cikin 1750. Tun da carbon dioxide (CO2) shine muhimmin iskar gas, wannan gagarumin haɓakar haɓakar yanayi na CO2 ya taimaka wajen dumamar yanayi da sauyin yanayi.  

Sauyin yanayi yana bayyana ta hanyar narkewar ƙanƙara da glaciers, ɗumamar tekuna, hauhawar matakan teku, ambaliya, bala'i mai haɗari, fari mai yawa kuma mai tsanani, ƙarancin ruwa, raƙuman zafi, gobara mai tsanani, da sauran yanayi mara kyau. Yana da mummunan sakamako a kan rayuwar mutane da rayuwar jama'a don haka wajibi ne a rage. Sabili da haka, don iyakance dumamar yanayi da hauhawar zafin jiki zuwa 1.5 ° C a ƙarshen wannan karni, da Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan sauyin yanayi Ya amince da cewa akwai bukatar a rage fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli da kashi 43 cikin 2030 nan da shekarar XNUMX, kuma ya yi kira ga bangarorin da su sauya sheka daga burbushin mai don isa ga net zero watsi by 2050.  

Baya ga raguwar fitar da iskar carbon, ana iya tallafawa aikin sauyin yanayi ta hanyar cire carbon daga sararin samaniya. Duk wani haɓakawa na kama carbon na yanayi zai taimaka.  

Photosynthesis na ruwa ta phytoplankton, kelp, da algal planktons a cikin teku suna da alhakin kusan rabin kama carbon. An ba da shawarar cewa microalgal biotechnology zai iya ba da gudummawa ga kama carbon ta hanyar photosynthesis. Mayar da sare itatuwa ta hanyar noman bishiyu da kuma maido da ƙasar dazuzzuka na iya taimakawa sosai wajen rage sauyin yanayi. Wani bincike ya gano cewa haɓaka gandun daji na duniya zai iya ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci. Ya nuna cewa karfin dajin itatuwa a duniya a karkashin yanayin da ake ciki yanzu ya kai kadada biliyan 4.4 wanda ke nufin karin hekta biliyan 0.9 na rufin rufin (daidai da karuwar kashi 25% a cikin gandun daji) za a iya samar da shi bayan ban da murfin da ake da shi. Wannan ƙarin murfin alfarwa idan an ƙirƙira shi zai ƙirƙira da adana kusan gigaton 205 na carbon wanda ya kai kusan kashi 25% na tafkin carbon na yanzu. Maido da dazuzzukan duniya muhimmin abu ne kuma saboda sauyin yanayi ba tare da katsewa ba zai haifar da raguwar kadada miliyan 223 na gandun daji (mafi yawa a wurare masu zafi) da asarar abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da halittu nan da shekarar 2050.4,5

Dasa bishiyoyi a yankin Arctic  

Yankin Arctic yana nufin yankin arewa na Duniya sama da latitude 66° 33′N a cikin da'irar artic. Yawancin wannan yanki (kimanin kashi 60%) yana mamaye da tekun Arctic da ke rufe kankara. Ƙasar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙasa tana kusa da gefen kudu na tekun arttic wanda ke tallafawa tundra ko dajin arewa.  

Dazuzzukan Boreal (ko taiga) suna kudu da Arctic Circle kuma suna da dazuzzukan dazuzzukan da suka ƙunshi galibin pine, spruces, da larchs. Yana da dogayen lokacin sanyi mai sanyi da gajere, jika lokacin rani. Akwai rinjayen masu jure sanyi, masu ɗaukar mazugi, daɗaɗɗen bishiyu, bishiyun coniferous (pines, spruces, da firs) waɗanda ke riƙe ganyaye masu siffar allura duk shekara. Idan aka kwatanta da dazuzzuka masu zafi da dazuzzukan wurare masu zafi, gandun daji na dazuzzukan ba su da ƙarancin aiki na farko, suna da ƙarancin bambance-bambancen nau'in shuka da rashin tsarin gandun daji. A gefe guda kuma, tundra na arctic yana arewa da dazuzzukan dazuzzuka a cikin yankunan Artic na arewaci, inda ƙasa ke daskarewa ta dindindin. Wannan yanki ya fi sanyi sosai tare da matsakaicin lokacin sanyi da yanayin zafi a cikin kewayon -34°C da 3°C – 12°C bi da bi. Ƙasar ƙasa tana daskarewa har abada (permafrost) don haka tushen tsiron ba zai iya shiga cikin ƙasa mai zurfi ba kuma tsire-tsire ba su da ƙasa. Tundra yana da ƙarancin aiki na farko, ƙananan nau'ikan bambancin da gajeren lokaci na girma na makonni 10 lokacin da tsire-tsire ke girma cikin sauri cikin dogon hasken rana.  

Girman bishiyar a yankunan arctic yana shafar permafrost saboda daskararren ruwan da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa yana hana ci gaban tushe mai zurfi. Yawancin tundra suna da ci gaba da permafrost yayin da gandun daji na boreal ke wanzu a wuraren da ba su da ɗanɗano ko babu. Duk da haka, arctic permafrost ba shi da tasiri.  

Yayin da yanayin arctic ke dumama (wanda ke faruwa sau biyu cikin sauri kamar matsakaicin duniya), sakamakon narkewa da asarar permafrost zai inganta rayuwar shukar itacen farko. An gano kasancewar alfarwar shrub yana da alaƙa da alaƙa da ƙarin rayuwa da haɓakar tsiro zuwa bishiyoyi. Abubuwan da ke cikin nau'ikan halitta da aiki na ECOSSSSEMS a yankin suna fuskantar canji mai sauri. Yayin da yanayi ke dumama da rugujewar permafrost, ciyayi na iya ƙaura daga arctic da ba ta da bishiya zuwa itacen da ke mamaye a nan gaba.6.  

Za ciyayi su canza zuwa yanayin da ke mamaye bishiya na rage yanayin CO2 ta hanyar inganta photosynthesis da kuma taimaka rage sauyin yanayi? Za a iya yin la'akari da yankin arctic don kiwo don cire yanayin CO2. A cikin yanayi guda biyu, permafrost na arctic ya kamata ya narke ko ragewa da farko don ba da damar girma bishiyoyi. Duk da haka, narkewar permafrost yana fitar da methane a cikin sararin samaniya wanda yake da karfi mai zafi kuma yana taimakawa wajen kara dumamar yanayi. Sakin methane daga permafrost shima yana taimakawa wajen haifar da gobarar daji a yankin.  

Dangane da dabarun kau da Atmospheric CO2 ta hanyar photosynthesis ta hanyar ciyayi ko shuka bishiyoyi a yankin artic da sakamakon rage dumamar yanayi da sauyin yanayi, masu binciken.7 ya gano cewa wannan hanyar ba ta dace da yankin ba kuma ba ta da amfani ga rage sauyin yanayi. Wannan saboda ɗaukar hoto yana rage albedo (ko hangen hasken rana) kuma yana ƙara duhu a saman wanda ke haifar da dumamar yanayi saboda bishiyoyi suna ɗaukar zafi daga rana fiye da dusar ƙanƙara. Bugu da ari, ayyukan dashen bishiya kuma suna dagula tafkin carbon na ƙasa arctic wanda ke adana ƙarin carbon fiye da duk tsire-tsire a duniya.  

Don haka, tsarin rage sauyin yanayi bai kamata ya zama mai mai da hankali kan carbon ba. Canjin yanayi shine game da ma'auni na makamashin duniya (cibin makamashin hasken rana yana zama a cikin yanayi da makamashin hasken rana yana barin yanayi). Gas na Greenhouse yana ƙayyade yawan zafin da ke riƙe a cikin yanayin duniya. A cikin yankunan arctic a manyan latitudes, tasirin albedo (watau tunanin hasken rana baya zuwa sararin samaniya ba tare da an canza shi zuwa zafi ba) ya fi mahimmanci (fiye da ajiyar carbon na yanayi) don jimlar makamashi. Don haka, gabaɗayan manufar rage sauyin yanayi yana buƙatar cikakken tsari.  

*** 

References:  

  1. Keenan, TF, et al. Takurawa ci gaban tarihi a cikin photosynthesis na duniya saboda tashin CO2. Nat. Klim. Chang. 13, 1376-1381 (2023). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01867-2 
  1. Berkeley Lab. Labarai - Tsirrai Suna Siya Mana Lokaci Don Sauƙaƙa Canjin Yanayi - Amma Bai Isa Ya Dakata Ba. Akwai a https://newscenter.lbl.gov/2021/12/08/plants-buy-us-time-to-slow-climate-change-but-not-enough-to-stop-it/ 
  1. NASA. Carbon Dioxide. Akwai a https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/carbon-dioxide/ 
  1. Bastin, Jean-Francois et al 2019. Ƙimar maidowar itace ta duniya. Kimiyya. 5 Yuli 2019. Vol 365, Fitowa ta 6448 shafi na 76-79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax0848 
  1. Chazdon R., da Brancalion P., 2019. Maido da gandun daji a matsayin hanyar zuwa ga iyaka da yawa. Kimiyya. 5 Yuli 2019 Vol 365, Fitowa ta 6448 shafi 24-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax9539 
  1. Limpens, J., Fijen, TPM, Keizer, I. et al. Shrubs da Lalacewar Permafrost Sun Shirya Hanya don Kafa Bishiyoyi a Tsibirin Subarctic. Tsarin muhalli 24, 370-383 (2021).  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-020-00523-6 
  1. Kristensen, J.Å., Barbero-Palacios, L., Barrio, IC et al. Dasa bishiya ba maganin sauyin yanayi ba ne a manyan latitudes na arewa. Nat. Geosci. 17, 1087-1092 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01573-4  

***  

Umesh Prasad
Umesh Prasad
Jaridar Kimiyya | Editan kafa, mujallar Scientific Turai

Biyan kuɗi zuwa da Newsletter

Don sabuntawa tare da duk sabon labarai, samarwa da sanarwa na musamman.

Shahararrun Labarai

Maganin Novel Don Ciwon Ciwon Nono

A wani ci gaba da ba a taba yin irinsa ba, wata mace mai ci gaban nono...

Gel Nasal: Sabon Sabon Hanyar Dauke COVID-19

Amfani da gel hanci a matsayin novel yana nufin ...

Kwayoyin Predator na iya Taimakawa Rage Mutuwar COVID-19

Wani nau'in kwayar cutar da ke farautar kwayoyin cuta na iya...
- Labari -
92,811FansKamar
47,297FollowersFollow
1,772FollowersFollow
30biyan kuɗiLabarai