A wani ci gaba da ba a taba yin irinsa ba, wata mace mai fama da cutar sankarar nono da ta yadu a jikinta ta nuna koma bayanta gaba daya ta hanyar amfani da karfin garkuwar jikin ta wajen yakar cutar kansa.
Ciwon nono shine ciwon daji mafi yawa a cikin mata a duk duniya a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa da waɗanda ba su da ci gaba. Ciwon nono kuma shine ciwon daji mafi yawa a cikin mata. Kimanin sabbin mutane miliyan 1.7 ake gano su kowace shekara kuma ciwon nono yana wakiltar kashi 25% na dukkan cututtukan daji a cikin mata. Maganin ciwon nono ya dogara da matakin kuma gabaɗaya yana buƙatar ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin hanyoyin da ke bi - chemotherapy, maganin radiation, maganin hormone da tiyata. Ciwon nono mai yaduwa , wato lokacin da ciwon ya bazu daga nono zuwa wasu sassan jiki, har yanzu ba a warkewa ba. Ana buƙatar hanyoyi na gaggawa don magance yaɗuwar wannan cuta mai kisa da kuma dakatar da ita.
Nasarar maganin cutar sankarar nono
Maganin rigakafi wani nau'in magani ne wanda kawai ke amfani da wasu sassan tsarin garkuwar jikin mutum don yaƙar cututtuka kamar ciwon daji . Wannan hanyar ta ƙunshi ƙarfafa tsarin garkuwar jikin ku don yin aiki yadda ya kamata don kai hari ga ƙwayoyin cutar kansa/ƙarami a cikin jiki. A cikin wani sabon bincike da Dr Steven A. Rosenberg, Babban Jami'in Tiyata a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta Ƙasa (NCI), masu bincike sun ƙirƙiro wata hanya ta musamman ta maganin rigakafi don magance ciwon daji . Sun ƙirƙiro wata hanya mai ƙarfi don gano maye gurbi waɗanda ke cikin ciwon daji (ƙwayoyin halitta) kuma waɗanda tsarin garkuwar jiki zai iya gane su. Duk ciwon daji suna da maye gurbi kuma waɗanda ake "makasu" ko "kai hari" a cikin wannan hanyar maganin rigakafi. Sabuwar hanyar magani wani nau'in ACT ne da aka gyara (canja wurin ƙwayoyin halitta) wanda aka yi amfani da shi a baya wajen magance melanoma (ciwon fata) wanda akwai adadi mai yawa na maye gurbi da aka samu. Duk da haka, wannan hanyar ba ta da tasiri sosai ga ciwon daji wanda galibi yana farawa daga rufin kyallen gabobin jiki, kamar ciki, ovarian da nono. Wannan binciken kamar yadda marubutan suka bayyana yana kan matakin farko kuma galibi gwaji ne amma tabbas yana da kyau.
Wata majiyyaciya 'yar shekara 49 da ke fama da cutar kansar nono mai tsanani da kuma ta ƙarshe (wato ta bazu zuwa wasu sassan jikinta) ta fuskanci gwajin asibiti na wannan sabuwar hanyar. Ta taɓa samun magunguna da dama, ciki har da magungunan chemotherapy da dama da kuma magungunan hormonal, amma duk waɗannan sun gaza dakatar da ci gaban cutar kansa a nononta na dama kuma ta riga ta bazu zuwa hanta da sauran sassan jikinta. Ciwon yana kuma shafar jijiyoyinta wanda ke haifar da ciwon jiki. Ta hakura kuma tana shirya kanta a hankali cewa yanayinta ba ya amsawa ga jiyya, yana raguwa da sauri kuma tana da sauran shekaru uku kacal da za ta rayu. Wannan shine yanayin tunanin da take ciki lokacin da ta zo gwajin. Domin samun damar amfani da maganin rigakafi a kanta, masu bincike sun tsara DNA da RNA daga nama na yau da kullun da kuma daga ɗaya daga cikin ciwon daji nata ta hanyar yanke su zuwa ƙananan guntu. Ta wannan hanyar za su iya gano sauye-sauyen da ke akwai musamman a cikin ciwon daji nata . Sun sami damar gano sauye-sauye 62 daban-daban a cikin ƙwayoyin ƙari nata ta hanyar duba galibi kwayoyin halitta guda huɗu da suka lalace waɗanda a lokacin suke da alhakin samar da sunadaran da ba su dace ba a cikin ƙwayoyin cutar kansa.
Masu bincike sun kuma cire "ƙwayoyin rigakafi" (ƙwayoyin lymphocytes ko TILs) daga biopsy na ciwon daji domin fahimtar yadda garkuwar jikin majiyyaci ta mamaye ciwon kuma ta yi ƙoƙarin kashe shi amma a bayyane yake ya gaza, don haka ciwon ya ci gaba. Tsarin garkuwar jiki yana gazawa lokacin da ƙwayoyin yaƙinsa suka yi rauni ko kaɗan. Masu bincike sun yi nazarin kusan biliyan ɗaya na ƙwayoyin rigakafi ko TILs a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje kuma sun tantance don tantance takamaiman ƙwayoyin rigakafi waɗanda suka yi tasiri wajen kashe ciwon daji ta hanyar gane sunadaran da ba su dace ba waɗanda aka samar ta hanyar maye gurbi na kwayoyin halitta tun farko. Sannan suka yi allurar kusan ƙwayoyin rigakafi biliyan 80 da aka zaɓa a jikin majiyyaci tare da wani magani na yau da kullun da ake kira pembrolizumab wanda ke taimakawa tsarin garkuwar jiki don yaƙi da ciwon daji . Abin mamaki, bayan wannan maganin, majiyyaci ya kasance kuma ya kasance ba shi da ciwon daji gaba ɗaya tsawon kusan watanni 22 yanzu. Majiyyacin yana ɗaukar wannan a matsayin wani irin mu'ujiza kuma da gaske ne. Wannan sabon maganin rigakafi da aka buga a cikin Nature Medicine ya nuna yana kashe ƙwayoyin cutar kansa yadda ya kamata. A cikin wani gwaji na asibiti na mataki na 2 da ake gudanarwa , masana kimiyya suna haɓaka wani nau'in ACT wanda ke amfani da TILs waɗanda ke kai hari ga maye gurbi na ƙwayoyin ƙari don ganin ko za a iya rage su don kamuwa da cutar kansa kamar ta nono bayan an sake saka su cikin majiyyaci. Manufar ita ce ƙirƙirar ƙarfin garkuwar jiki akan ƙari.
Future
Wannan rahoton shari'ar ya nuna ikon maganin rigakafi cikin sauƙi kuma yadda ya kamata domin ana kyautata zaton tsarin garkuwar jikinmu yana da ƙarfi sosai. Bincike ne mai ban mamaki tunda ciwon nono, kamar ciwon daji na prostrate da ovarian, yana da sauye-sauye kaɗan wanda hakan ke sa tsarin garkuwar jiki ya fi wahala wajen gano su da kuma sanya su a matsayin nama mara lafiya. Duk da cewa an gwada shi a wannan matakin, wannan sabon hanyar tana da matuƙar kyau saboda tana amfani da maganin rigakafi wanda ya dogara da sauye-sauye ba nau'in ciwon daji ba don haka a wannan ma'anar ana iya amfani da ita don magance nau'ikan ciwon daji da yawa. Don haka, wannan nau'in maganin ba zai iya zama "wanda ya shafi nau'in ciwon daji ba ". Ya riga ya samar da bege wajen magance ciwon daji na nono wanda ba zai warke ba (wanda ba shi da antigens da yawa) bayan samun nasara tare da majiyyaci ɗaya kuma don haka ya kamata a cimma maganin wasu cututtukan daji "masu wahala" kamar prostrate da ovarian. Yana da alama zai yi tasiri a kan nau'ikan ciwon daji waɗanda hanyoyin rigakafi da aka sani a baya ba su yi aiki sosai ba. Binciken yana da ban sha'awa amma yana buƙatar a maimaita shi don sauran marasa lafiya su kimanta nasararsa. Masu bincike sun riga sun tsara manyan gwaje-gwaje na asibiti don tantance tasirin wannan maganin ga ƙarin marasa lafiya. Masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa har yanzu akwai nisa kafin a sami irin wannan maganin a cikin kulawa ta yau da kullun ga marasa lafiya. Irin waɗannan hanyoyin magancewa suna da matuƙar rikitarwa kuma suna da tsada saboda yana buƙatar shiga cikin ƙwayoyin garkuwar jiki na marasa lafiya kuma faɗaɗa waɗannan ƙwayoyin ba zai yiwu ba a kowane hali. Duk da haka, binciken da aka yi ya tabbatar da cewa ya ba da jagora ga burin da ba a iya tsammani ba na kai hari ga wasu sauye-sauye a cikin ciwon daji ta hanyar maganin rigakafi.
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Source (s)
1. Zacharakis N et al. 2018. Gano garkuwar jiki na maye gurbi na somatic wanda ke haifar da cikakken koma baya mai ɗorewa a cikin ciwon nono na metastatic. Maganin Yanayi . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-018-0040-8
2. Laburaren Magunguna na Ƙasa na Amurka. Maganin rigakafi ta amfani da ƙwayoyin lymphocytes masu kamuwa da ƙari ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar kansar da ta wuce gona da iri. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01174121 . [An shiga ranar 6 ga Yuni 2018].
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