Kwayoyin cutar henipavirus, Hendra virus (Hendra virus (HeV) da Nipah virus (NiV) an san su suna haifar da cututtuka masu mutuwa a cikin mutane. A cikin 2022, Langya henipavirus (LayV), an gano wani labari henipavirus a ciki Gabashin China a cikin marasa lafiya da aka sani tarihin kwanan nan na fallasa ga dabbobi. A wani bincike da aka gudanar a baya-bayan nan, masu bincike sun ba da rahoton gano na farko da aka gano wasu sabbin kwayoyin cutar henipavirus guda biyu daga kodar jemage da ke zaune a gonakin amfanin gona kusa da kauyukan lardin Yunnan na kasar Sin. Sabbin ƙwayoyin cutar henipa guda biyu da suka fito nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan halitta ne kuma suna da alaƙa ta kud da kud da ƙwayoyin cuta na Hendra da Nipah masu kisa. Wannan yana haifar da damuwa game da yuwuwar haɗarin zubewa tunda jemagu na 'ya'yan itace (Pteropus) rundunonin halitta ne na ƙwayoyin cuta na henipa waɗanda galibi ana kamuwa da su ga mutane da dabbobi ta hanyar abinci da aka gurɓata da fitsarin jemagu ko miya.
Kwayar cutar Hendra (HeV) da cutar Nipah (NiV) na nau'in Henipavirus na dangin Paramyxoviridae na ƙwayoyin cuta suna da haɗari sosai. Halittar halittarsu ta ƙunshi RNA mai madauri ɗaya kewaye da ambulan lipid. Dukansu sun bayyana a baya-bayan nan. An fara gano kwayar cutar Hendra (HeV) a cikin 1994-95 ta hanyar barkewar cutar a yankin Hendra a Brisbane, Ostiraliya lokacin da dawakai da masu horar da su suka kamu da cutar kuma suka kamu da cutar huhu tare da yanayin zubar jini. An fara gano cutar Nipah (NiV) bayan wasu shekaru a cikin 1998 a Nipah, Malaysia bayan barkewar gida. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an sami lokuta da yawa na NiV a duk faɗin duniya a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban musamman a Malaysia, Bangladesh, da Indiya. Wadannan barkewar cutar yawanci ana danganta su da yawan mace-mace tsakanin mutane da dabbobi. Jemagu 'ya'yan itace (nau'in Pteropus) sune tafkunan dabbobin su. Watsawa yana faruwa daga jemagu ta yau, fitsari, da kuma fitar da mutum. Aladu sune matsakaicin masaukin baki don Nipah yayin da dawakai su ne matsakaicin runduna don HeV da NiV.
A cikin mutane, cututtuka na HeV suna nuna alamun mura-kamar mura kafin su ci gaba zuwa ƙwayar cuta mai mutuwa yayin da cututtuka na NiV sukan kasance a matsayin cututtuka na jijiyoyi da kuma m encephalitis kuma, a wasu lokuta, cututtuka na numfashi. Watsawar mutum-da-mutum yana faruwa a ƙarshen lokacin kamuwa da cuta.
Henipaviruses sune ƙwayoyin cuta zoonotic da ke fitowa da sauri. A watan Yuni 2022, an gano kwayar cutar Angavokely (AngV) a cikin samfuran fitsari daga daji, jemagu na 'ya'yan Madagascar. Daga baya, an gano Langya henipavirus (LayV) daga makogwaro na majinyata masu zafin jiki yayin sa ido a cikin saƙo a China Agusta 2022.
A cikin wani binciken da aka buga a ranar 24 ga Yuni 2025, masu bincike sun gano sabbin ƙwayoyin cuta na henipavirus guda biyu, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da jemagu kuma suna da kusancin juyin halitta tare da kwayar cutar Hendra mai kisa (HeV) da Nipah virus (NiV). Tun da jemagu tafkunan halitta ne na kewayon ƙwayoyin cuta da koda na iya ɗaukar nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta, masu binciken a cikin wannan binciken, ba kamar yawancin binciken da aka yi a baya ba wanda ya mai da hankali kan samfuran najasa, an bincika samfuran koda don ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta. An tattara naman koda daga jemagu 142 na nau'in jemagu goma daga wurare biyar a lardin Yunnan na kasar Sin. Binciken gabaɗayan cututtukan koda na jemagu ya nuna kasancewar ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙwayoyin cuta guda 20. Biyu daga cikin ƙwayoyin cuta na novel na henipaviruses ne kuma suna da alaƙa ta kut-da-kut da ƙwayoyin cuta na Hendra da Nipah. Samfurin koda da ke dauke da wadannan sabbin kwayoyin cutar henipa guda biyu na jemagu ne da ke zaune a wata gona da ke kusa da kauyuka. Wannan yana haifar da damuwa game da yuwuwar haɗarin zubewa tunda jemagu na 'ya'yan itace (Pteropus) rundunonin halitta ne na ƙwayoyin cuta na henipa waɗanda galibi ana kamuwa da su ga mutane da dabbobi ta hanyar abinci da aka gurɓata da fitsarin jemagu ko miya.
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References:
- Kuang G., et al. PLOS Pathogen. An buga: 2025 Yuni 24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1013235
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Shafukan da suka shafi:
- Kwayar cutar Novel Langya (LayV) da aka gano a China (10 Agusta 2022)
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 and Nipah virus (NiV) are known to cause fatal diseases in humans. In 2022, Langya henipavirus (LayV), a novel henipavirus was identified in Eastern China in febrile patients with known recent history of exposure to animals. In a recent study, researchers report the first detection of two novel henipaviruses from kidneys of bats inhabiting orchard near villages in Yunnan province of China. The two newly emerged henipaviruses are phylogenetically distinct strains and are closely related to lethal Hendra and Nipah viruses. This raises concern about potential spillover risk since fruit bats (Pteropus) are natural hosts of henipaviruses which are usually transmitted to humans and livestock through food contaminated with bat urine or saliva.){kind=link}