Wani binciken ɗan adam na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa kawai kwanaki 10 na shan maganin kafeyin ya haifar da raguwar dogaro mai yawa a cikin launin toka al'amarin girma a cikin tsakiyar lobe na wucin gadi1, wanda ke da ayyuka masu mahimmanci da yawa irin su fahimta, ƙa'idodin motsin rai da adana abubuwan tunawa2. Wannan yana nuna cewa za'a iya samun saurin, mummunan sakamako mara kyau na shan maganin kafeyin, kamar ta kofi, akan kwakwalwa ayyuka.
Caffeine ne na tsakiya mai juyayi tsarin stimulant3. Caffeine metabolizes zuwa daban-daban mahadi a cikin jiki, paraxanthine da sauran xanthine4. Babban hanyoyin aiwatar da maganin kafeyin da metabolites ɗin sa shine ƙin yarda da masu karɓar adenosine, tattarawar ajiyar calcium na cikin salula da hana phosphodiesterases.4.
Caffeine block A1 da kuma A2A adenosine receptors4, don haka dakatar da adenosine yana yin aikinta ta hanyar waɗannan masu karɓa a cikin kwakwalwa. A1 Ana samun masu karɓa a kusan dukkanin sassan kwakwalwa kuma suna iya hana sakin ƙwayoyin cuta4. Saboda haka, antagonism na waɗannan masu karɓa yana haifar da karuwa a cikin stimulatory neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine da glutamate.4. Har ila yau, antagonism na A2A masu karɓa suna ƙara siginar dopamine D2 rabe4, yana kara ba da gudummawa ga sakamako mai ban sha'awa. Koyaya, adenosine yana da tasirin vasodilator kuma tasirin maganin kafeyin na toshe masu karɓar adenosine a cikin kwakwalwa yana haifar da raguwar jini a cikin kwakwalwa.4 wanda zai iya ba da gudummawa ga saurin launin toka al'amarin atrophy da aka gani a cikin lobe na wucin gadi na tsakiya ta maganin kafeyin1.
Ƙaddamar da ƙwayoyin calcium na cikin salula na iya ƙara yawan ƙarfin kwangila ta hanyar tsokoki na kwarangwal wanda zai iya haifar da aikin jiki na inganta tasirin maganin kafeyin.4, da kuma hanawa na phosphodiesterase (wanda ke haifar da tasirin vasodilatory5) ba a sani ba saboda yana buƙatar yawan adadin maganin kafeyin4.
Sakamakon stimulatory na maganin kafeyin yana haifar da karuwa a cikin siginar dopaminergic yana haifar da raguwa a cikin haɗarin cutar Parkinson.4 (kamar yadda aka yi imanin rage dopamine yana taimakawa ga cutar). Bugu da ƙari, yana da alaƙa a cikin nazarin cututtukan cututtuka tare da ƙananan haɗarin haɓaka cututtukan neurodegenerative, kamar cutar Alzheimer.4. Koyaya, raguwar kwararar jini na cerebral na iya samun sakamako mara kyau kuma yana haifar da hadaddun tsaka-tsaki wanda ya sa ba a sani ba ko maganin kafeyin yana da tasiri mai kyau ko kuma mara kyau ga lafiyar kwakwalwa kamar yadda tasirin dopamine ya haifar da raguwar ci gaban cutar Alzheimer amma duk da maganin kafeyin. daban-daban tabbatacce fahimi effects ta hanyar da stimulatory mataki, shi ma yana da tashin hankali-karu da kuma "anti-barci" effects.3. Wannan ya sa wannan yanayin da aka samo psychostimulant miyagun ƙwayoyi yana da matukar rikitarwa kuma yana iya yin amfani da takamaiman amfani da mutum, kamar tasirin haɓaka aiki na zahiri don motsa jiki, amma yakamata yayi amfani da hankali saboda tasirin hanawa akan kwararar jini na cerebral da haifar da raguwa a cikin launin toka. al'amarin a cikin tsakiyar lobe na wucin gadi.
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References:
- Yu-Shiuan Lin, Janine Weibel, Hans-Peter Landolt, Francesco Santini, Martin Meyer, Julia Brunmair, Samuel M Meier-Menches, Christopher Gerner, Stefan Borgwardt, Christian Cajochen, Carolin Reichert, Abincin Caffeine na yau da kullun yana haifar da Natsuwa-Dogara na Medial na wucin gadi Plasticity a cikin Mutane: Gwajin Sarrafa Gaggawar Makafi Biyu, Ctebral Cortex, Juzu'i na 31, Fitowa ta 6, Yuni 2021, Shafukan 3096–3106, An Buga: 15 Fabrairu 2021.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhab005
- Kimiyya Kai tsaye 2021. Take- Matsakaici Lobe.
- Nehlig A, Daval JL, Debry G. Caffeine da kuma tsarin kulawa na tsakiya: hanyoyin aiki, biochemical, metabolism da psychostimulant effects. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1992 Mayu-Agusta; 17 (2): 139-70. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0173(92)90012-b. Saukewa: 1356551.
- Cappelletti, S., Piacentino, D., Sani, G., & Aromatario, M. (2015). Caffeine: fahimi da haɓaka aikin jiki ko magungunan psychoactive? Neuropharmacology na yanzu, 13(1), 71-88. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X13666141210215655
- Padda IS, Tripp J. Masu hanawar Phosphodiesterase. [An sabunta 2020 Nuwamba 24]. A cikin: StatPearls [Internet]. Tsibirin Treasure (FL): Bugawa na StatPearls; 2021 Jan-. Akwai daga: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559276/
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