Asteroid Bennu tsohon asteroid ne na carbonaceous wanda ke da duwatsu da kura daga haihuwar tsarin hasken rana. An yi tunanin cewa binciken samfurin tauraron dan adam Bennu da aka tattara kai tsaye a sararin samaniya zai ba da haske kan yadda taurari suka yi da kuma yadda rayuwa ta fara a duniya. OSIRIS-REx, NASA ta farko asteroid samfurin dawo da manufa da aka kaddamar a cikin 2016 zuwa kusa-Earth asteroid Bennu. Ya isar da samfurin capsule zuwa Duniya a ranar 24 ga Satumba 2023. An kammala zurfin binciken samfurin da aka dawo da shi, kuma an buga sakamakon a ranar 29 ga Janairu 2025. Samfurin da aka dawo yana da adadi mai yawa na ammonia da mai narkewa mai arzikin nitrogen. al'amuran halitta da ke zama mabuɗin rayuwa a Duniya. Makullin kwayoyin halitta da aka gano a cikin samfurin sune amino acid (ciki har da 14 na 20 da aka samu a cikin tsarin rayuwa a duniya), amines, formaldehyde, acid carboxylic, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons da N-heterocycles (ciki har da dukkanin nucleobases biyar da aka samu a DNA da RNA). a Duniya). Bugu da ari, samfurin kuma yana da ma'adanai na gishiri da aka samo saboda ƙazantar brine wanda ya kasance a farkon jikin mahaifa na asteroid Bennu, yana nuna cewa ruwan gishiri a farkon tarihin zai iya zama matsakaici don hulɗar sinadaran tsakanin kwayoyin da aka gano a cikin samfurin. Gano tubalan gine-gine don rayuwa da ma'adanai na gishiri a cikin samfurin pristine da aka tattara a sararin samaniya kai tsaye daga asteroid Bennu kuma an yi nazari a ƙarƙashin matakan sarrafa gurɓatawa yana ba da tabbaci ga ra'ayin cewa abubuwan da ke haifar da bayyanar rayuwa sun yadu a farkon tsarin hasken rana. Don haka, akwai yuwuwar rayuwa ta kunno kai a wasu duniyoyi ko tauraron dan adam na halitta. Yanayi a asteroid Bennu ma wakilci ne na farkon tarihin duniya. Yana ba da ra'ayi game da sinadaran da ke cikin tsarin hasken rana kafin bayyanar rayuwa a duniya.
Asteroid Bennu wani asteroid ne na kusa da Duniya wanda ake tunanin ya samo asali kimanin shekaru biliyan 4.5 da suka gabata a farkon tarihin tsarin hasken rana. Yana da nau'in B, asteroid carbonaceous wanda ke da duwatsu da ƙura daga haifuwar tsarin hasken rana. An yi tunanin cewa Bennu yana iya samun kayan da ke ɗauke da kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke nan lokacin da rayuwa ta samu a duniya. Ana tsammanin Asteroids mai arzikin kwayoyin halitta sun taka rawa wajen inganta rayuwa a duniya. Nazarin samfurin da aka kawo daga asteroid Bennu ana sa ran zai ba da haske kan yadda taurari suka yi da kuma yadda rayuwa ta fara. NASA ta OSIRIS-REx manufa ta wannan.
Asteroid samfurin dawo da manufa OSIRIS-REx (Asalin, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification and Security - Regolith Explorer) an ƙaddamar da shi zuwa ga asteroid Bennu kusa da Duniya akan 8 Satumba 2016. Ya tattara samfurin duwatsu da ƙura daga saman asteroid. a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 2020 kuma ta fara tafiya ta dawowa duniya a ranar 10 ga Mayu 2021. Tafiya na biyu da rabi. Shekaru a cikin tafiya ta dawowa, a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 2023, ta saki capsule mai kunshe da duwatsu da samfurin kura da aka tattara daga asteroid Bennu zuwa cikin sararin duniya kuma ya ci gaba da tafiya zuwa wani asteroid Apophis kusa da Duniya a matsayin aikin OSIRIS-APEX.
Kwamfutar da ke dauke da samfurin duwatsu da kura mai nauyin kimanin gram 250 da aka tattara daga tauraron dan adam Bennu ya sauka lafiya a doron kasa a shafin Utah kusa da birnin Salt Lake a Amurka a ranar Lahadi 24 ga Satumba 2023. Samfurin da aka dawo da shi yanzu an yi nazari mai zurfi. , kuma an buga sakamakon a ranar 29 ga Janairu 2025.
Binciken samfurin da ƙungiyar bincike ɗaya ta mayar ya nuna kasancewar yawan adadin ammonia da abubuwa masu narkewa masu wadataccen nitrogen waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga rayuwa a duniya. Abubuwan da aka gano a cikin samfurin sune amino acid (ciki har da 14 na 20 da aka samu a cikin tsarin rayuwa a duniya), amines, formaldehyde, acid carboxylic, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons da N-heterocycles (ciki har da dukkanin nucleobases guda biyar da aka samu a DNA da RNA akan. Duniya da ake amfani da ita don adanawa da watsa bayanan kwayoyin halitta ga zuriya). Yawan ammonia a cikin samfurin yana da mahimmanci saboda ammoniya na iya amsawa tare da formaldehyde don samar da amino acid a cikin yanayin da ya dace. Abin sha'awa shine, amino acid tare da chirality a cikin samfurin daga Bennu suna da kabilanci ko daidai gwargwado na nau'ikan hagu da dama. A Duniya, tsarin rayuwa kawai suna da sigar hagu. Watakila, amino acid a farkon duniya sun kasance gauraye na kabilanci kuma dabi'ar rayuwa a duniya ta hagu ta samo asali daga baya saboda wasu dalilai da ba a sani ba.
Bugu da ari, sauran ƙungiyar bincike sun sami ma'adinan gishiri a cikin samfurin wanda ya haɗa da phosphates masu ɗauke da sodium da sodium-rich carbonates, sulphates, chlorides da fluorides. Waɗannan gishirin sun samo asali ne saboda ƙawancen brine wanda ya kasance a farkon jikin mahaifa na asteroid Bennu. Ruwan gishiri a farkon tarihin zai iya zama madaidaicin matsakaici don hulɗar sinadarai tsakanin kwayoyin da aka gano a cikin samfurin.
An gano abubuwan da suka shafi kwayoyin halitta da gishirin ma'adinai a baya a cikin meteorites, amma bayyanar da yanayin duniya yana dagula fassarar yayin da suke cikin sauƙi don lalata ko canza su yayin shiga yanayin duniya.
Gano tubalan gine-gine na rayuwa da masu fitar da ruwa (ma'adinan gishiri da aka kafa bayan ƙafewar brine) a cikin samfurin pristine da aka tattara a sararin samaniya kai tsaye daga asteroid Bennu kuma an yi nazari a ƙarƙashin matakan sarrafa gurɓatawa shine labari. Wannan yana ba da tabbaci ga ra'ayin cewa abubuwan da ke haifar da bayyanar rayuwa sun yadu a farkon tsarin hasken rana. Don haka, akwai yuwuwar rayuwa ta kunno kai a wasu duniyoyi ko tauraron dan adam na halitta. Yanayi a asteroid Bennu ma wakilci ne na farkon tarihin duniya. Yana ba da ra'ayi game da sinadaran da ke cikin tsarin hasken rana kafin bayyanar rayuwa a duniya.
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References:
- Glavin, DP, et al. 2025. Yaln ammonia da nitrogen-arzikin soluble kwayoyin halitta a cikin samfurori daga asteroid (101955) Bennu. Na Astron. An buga: 29 Janairu 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-024-02472-9
- McCoy, TJ, et al. 2025. An evaporite jerin daga tsohon brine rubuce a Bennu samfurori. Yanayin 637, 1072-1077. An buga: 29 Janairu 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08495-6
- NASA. Labarai – Samfurin Asteroid Bennu na NASA Ya Bayyana Cakuɗen Sinadaran Rayuwa. An buga 29 Janairu 2025. Akwai a https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasas-asteroid-bennu-sample-reveals-mix-of-lifes-ingredients/
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Related article:
- Ofishin NASA na OSIRIS-REx ya kawo samfurin daga asteroid Bennu zuwa Duniya (26 Satumba 2023).
- asteroid kusa da Duniya 2024 BJ don yin kusanci zuwa Duniya (26 Janairu 2024)
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