A cikin kusan shekaru biliyan shida daga yanzu, gidanmu galaxy Milky Way (MW) da kuma Andromeda galaxy (M 31) maƙwabta za su yi karo da juna tare da haifar da wani sabon haɗaɗɗiyar galaxy elliptical. Wannan ita ce fahimtar yanzu game da makomar gidanmu na galaxy Milky Way. Koyaya, ta yin amfani da bayanai daga sabbin abubuwan lura da na'urorin hangen nesa na Gaia da Hubble, masu bincike sun gano cewa karon Milky Way-Andromeda ba shi da makawa. Taurari biyu na iya zama ba lallai ba ne su haɗu kuma yuwuwar “no Milky Way – Andromeda merger” yana kusa da 50%.
Menene zai faru da Duniya, da Rana da kuma galaxy na gidanmu a nan gaba? Ba za su kasance kamar yadda suke ba har abada. Duniya za ta ci gaba da zama wurin zama na wasu shekaru biliyan 4 idan ba a lalata su a baya ta hanyar bala'o'in mutum ko bala'o'i kamar yakin nukiliya, canjin yanayi mai tsauri, tasiri tare da asteroid, fashewar aman wuta, da sauransu. Ƙara matsa lamba saboda rugujewar asali zai haifar da haɗakar makaman nukiliya na abubuwa masu nauyi a cikin ainihin. Sakamakon haka, zafin rana zai ƙaru, kuma sararin samaniyar sararin samaniya zai faɗaɗa nesa da sararin samaniya kuma ya mamaye taurarin da ke kusa ciki har da duniya. Wannan babban matakin ja zai ci gaba har kusan shekara biliyan guda. A ƙarshe, Rana za ta rushe ta zama farar dwarf.
Dangane da gidanmu galaxy Milky Way (MW), fahimtar yanzu ita ce juyin halitta na nan gaba na Local Group (LG) wanda ya ƙunshi taurari sama da 80 ciki har da manyan taurari biyu masu karkatar da galaxy Milky Way (MW) da Andromeda galaxy (M 31) za su gudana ta hanyar kuzarin Milky Way da tsarin Andromeda galaxy. A cikin shekaru biliyan hudu daga yanzu, makwabciyar Andromeda galaxy da ke da nisan shekaru miliyan 2.5 a yanzu ba makawa zai yi karo da galaxy na gidanmu a gudun kilomita 250,000 a cikin awa daya. An yi imanin cewa ƙila an fara tsari, kuma taurarin biyu na iya kasancewa kan hanyar yin karo. Rikicin zai dauki tsawon shekaru biliyan 2 kuma a karshe taurarin biyu za su hade cikin shekaru biliyan shida daga yanzu don haifar da wani sabon hadaddiyar tauraron dan adam. Tsarin hasken rana da Duniya za su tsira daga haɗuwa amma za su sami sabbin hanyoyin daidaitawa a sararin samaniya.
Da alama akwai yarjejeniya tsakanin masana game da tabbacin karo da hadewar Milky Way tare da taurarin Andromeda maƙwabta a cikin Ƙungiyar Gida. An yi imanin cewa babu makawa su biyun za su hade da juna a nan gaba don haifar da hadewar galaxy. Duk da haka, wani sabon bincike ya nuna cewa karo na iya zama ba makawa.
Yin amfani da bayanai daga sabbin abubuwan lura da na'urorin hangen nesa na Gaia da Hubble, masu bincike sun binciki yadda rukunin gida zai bunkasa cikin shekaru biliyan 10 masu zuwa. Sun gano cewa sauran manyan galaxies guda biyu a cikin Ƙungiyar Gida wato M33 da Babban Magellanic Cloud suna tasiri sosai akan Milky Way–Andromeda orbit. Bugu da ari, kewayen babban galaxy na Magellanic Cloud yana gudana daidai da Milky Way–Andromeda orbit wanda ke sa karo da haɗuwar Milky Way da Andromeda ƙasa da ƙasa. Masu binciken sun gano cewa karon Milky Way-Andromeda ba shi da makawa. Taurari biyu na iya zama ba lallai ba ne su haɗu kuma yuwuwar “no Milky Way – Andromeda merger” yana kusa da 50%.
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References:
- Schiavi R. et al 2020. Haɗin kan Milky Way na gaba tare da Andromeda galaxy da makomar manyan ramukan baƙar fata. Astronomy & Astrophysics Volume 642, Oktoba 2020. An buga 01 Oktoba 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038674
- Sawala, T., Delhomelle, J., Deason, AJ et al. Babu tabbacin karon Milky Way-Andromeda. Na Astron (2025). An buga: 02 Yuni 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02563-1
- ESA/ Kimiyyar Hubble. Hubble yana jefa shakku kan tabbacin karon galactic. An buga 2 Yuni 2025. Akwai a https://esahubble.org/news/heic2508/
- ESA. Hubble da Gaia sun sake duba makomar galaxy ɗin mu. An buga 2 Yuni 2025. Akwai a https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Hubble_and_Gaia_revisit_fate_of_our_galaxy
- NASA. Apocalypse Yaushe? Hubble ya jefa shakku akan Tabbacin karo na Galactic. An buga 2 Yuni 2025. Akwai a https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/apocalypse-when-hubble-casts-doubt-on-certainty-of-galactic-collision/
- Jami'ar Helsinki. Sakin latsa - Babu tabbas game da tsinkayar Milky Way - karon Andromeda. An buga 02 Yuni 2025. Akwai a https://www.helsinki.fi/en/news/space/no-certainty-about-predicted-milky-way-andromeda-collision
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 and the neighbouring Andromeda galaxy (M 31) will collide and merge with each other giving rise to a new combined elliptical galaxy. This is the current understanding about future of our home galaxy Milky Way. However, using data from the latest observations by the Gaia and Hubble space telescopes, researchers have found that Milky Way-Andromeda collision is far less inevitable. The two galaxies may not necessarily merge and the probability of “no Milky Way–Andromeda merger” scenario is close to 50 %.){kind=link}