Binciken Spectral na haske galaxy JADES-GS-z14-0 dangane da abubuwan lura da aka yi a cikin Janairu 2024 ya bayyana jajayen 14.32 wanda ya sa ya zama sanannen galaxy mafi nisa (wanda ya gabata mafi nisa galaxy da aka sani shine JADES-GS-z13-0 a redshift). z = 13.2). An kafa ta a farkon sararin samaniya kimanin shekaru miliyan 290 bayan Babban Bang. Yawan adadin hasken tauraro yana nuna yana da girma kuma ya wuce shekaru 1,600-haske a girman girmansa. Irin wannan haske, girma kuma babban galaxy a farkon sararin samaniya a wayewar gari yana ƙin fahimtar halin yanzu na samuwar galaxy. Taurari na farko a sararin samaniya sune taurarin Pop III masu sifili-karfe ko ƙananan ƙarfe. Duk da haka, nazarin kaddarorin infrared na JADES-GS-z14-0 galaxy ya bayyana kasancewar iskar oxygen wanda ke nufin wadatar ƙarfe wanda ke nufin tsararrun manyan taurari sun riga sun kammala darussan rayuwarsu tun daga haihuwa zuwa fashewar supernova da kusan shekaru miliyan 290 a farkon sararin samaniya. Don haka, kaddarorin wannan galaxy sun yi hannun riga da fahimtar yanzu na samuwar galaxy a farkon sararin samaniya.
Farkon sararin samaniya, kusan shekaru 380,000 bayan Babban Bang, ya cika da iskar gas mai ionised kuma ya kasance cikakke saboda tarwatsa photon ta hanyar electrons kyauta. Wannan ya biyo bayan lokacin tsaka tsaki na farkon sararin samaniya wanda ya dau kusan shekaru miliyan 400. A cikin wannan zamanin, sararin samaniya ya kasance tsaka tsaki da gaskiya. Hasken farko ya fito akan sararin samaniya ya zama bayyananne, ya zama ja ya koma kewayon microwave saboda fadadawa, kuma yanzu ana lura dashi azaman Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Domin sararin samaniya ya cika da iskar gas mai tsaka-tsaki, ba a fitar da siginar gani (don haka ake kira duhun zamanin). Abubuwan da ba su da ionized ba sa fitar da haske don haka wahala a cikin nazarin farkon sararin samaniya na zamanin tsaka tsaki. Koyaya, hasken microwave na tsawon 21 cm (daidai da 1420 MHz) wanda sanyi ke fitarwa, hydrogen cosmic tsaka-tsaki a wannan zamanin saboda jujjuyawar hyperfine daga layi daya zuwa mafi tsayin juzu'i mai daidaitawa yana ba da dama ga masana taurari. Wannan radiation microwave na 21 cm za a canza shi yayin isa duniya kuma za'a kiyaye shi a mitoci 200 zuwa 10 MHz azaman igiyoyin rediyo. The KASHEWA (Gwajin Radiyo don Nazarin Cosmic Hydrogen) Gwajin yana nufin gano layin 21-cm mai wuya daga Cosmic Hydrogen.
Zamanin sake farfadowa shine lokaci na gaba a cikin tarihin farkon sararin samaniya wanda ya kasance daga kimanin shekaru miliyan 400 bayan Babban Bang zuwa shekaru biliyan 1. Gas ɗin sun sake yin ionised saboda tsananin ƙarfin hasken UV da taurarin farko ke fitarwa. Samuwar taurarin taurari da quasars sun fara a wannan zamanin. Fitilar wannan zamanin jajawur ana juya su zuwa ja da jeri na infrared. Binciken zurfin filin Huble sabon mafari ne a cikin binciken farkon sararin samaniya duk da haka ikonsa wajen ɗaukar fitilun farko ya iyakance. Ana buƙatar ɗakin binciken infrared mai tushe a sararin samaniya. JWST ya ƙware na musamman a cikin infrared astronomy zuwa nazarin farkon duniya.
James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) an ƙaddamar da shi a ranar 25 ga Disamba 2021. Daga baya, an sanya tt a cikin kewayawa kusa da Sun–Earth L2 Lagrange point kusan kilomita miliyan 1.5 daga duniya. Ya fara aiki cikakke a cikin Yuli 2022. Yin amfani da mahimman kayan aikin kimiyya a kan jirgin kamar NIRCam (Kusa da Kamarar Infrared), NIRSpec (Kusa da Infrared Spectrograph), MIRI (Infrared Infrared Instrument), JWST yana neman siginar gani / infrared daga farkon taurari da taurari. an kafa shi a cikin sararin samaniya don ƙarin fahimtar samuwar da juyin halitta na taurari da samuwar taurari da tsarin taurari. A cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, ta samar da sakamako mai ban sha'awa a cikin binciken alfijir na sararin samaniya (watau lokacin a cikin ƴan shekaru miliyan ɗari na farko bayan babban bang ɗin da aka haifi taurarin farko).
JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) shirin
Wannan shirin yana da nufin yin nazarin juyin halitta na galaxy daga babban ja zuwa tsakar rana ta hanyar infrared imaging da spectroscopy a cikin GOODS-S da GOODS-N zurfin filayen.
A cikin shekarar farko, masu binciken JADES sun haɗu da ɗaruruwan taurarin dan takara daga shekaru miliyan 650 na farko bayan babban bang. A farkon 2023, sun sami galaxy a cikin bayanan su wanda ya bayyana yana cikin jan motsi na 14 yana nuna cewa dole ne ya zama galaxy mai nisa sosai amma yana da haske sosai. Har ila yau, ya bayyana a matsayin wani ɓangare na wani galaxy saboda kusanci. Don haka, sun lura da wannan ribar a cikin Oktoba 2023. Sabbin bayanan sun goyi bayan kasancewar ja ja na 14. Ana buƙatar bakan wannan galaxy don gano wurin hutu na Lyman-alpha a cikin bakan don auna canjin ja da sanin shekaru.
Lyman-alpha shine layin fitar da hydrogen a cikin jerin Lyman lokacin da electrons ke canzawa daga n=2 zuwa n=1. Batun karya Lyman-alpha a cikin bakan ya yi daidai da tsayin daka gani (λlura). Ana iya ƙididdige canjin ja (z) kamar yadda aka tsara z = (λlura - λsauran) / λsauran
JADES-GS-z14-0 galaxy
Saboda haka, an sake ganin galaxy a cikin Janairu 2024 ta amfani da NIRCam (Kusa da Kamarar Infrared) da NIRSpec (Kusa da Infrared Spectrograph). Binciken Spectral ya ba da bayyananniyar shaida cewa galaxy yana kan jan motsi na 14.32, wanda ya sa ya zama sanannen galaxy mafi nisa ( rikodin galaxy da ya gabata (JADES-GS-z13-0 a redshift na z = 13.2) An sanya masa suna JADES. -GS-z14-0, wani haske mai haske a nisan shekaru biliyan 13.5 Bugu da ari, ya wuce shekaru 1,600-haske a girman wanda ya nuna cewa taurari ne tushen haskensa Har ila yau, adadin hasken tauraro ya zama dole Ba a sa ran samun ƙasa da shekaru miliyan 300 bayan Big Bang ba zai dace da tsarin halittar galaxy ba.
Akwai ƙarin abubuwan ban mamaki a cikin shagon.
Masu bincike sun iya gano JADES-GS-z14-0 a tsawon tsayin raƙuman ruwa ta amfani da MIRI (Infrared Instrument). Wannan yana nufin ɗaukar iskar da ke fitowa daga wannan galaxy ɗin da aka yi ja-ja-jaja don zama daga kewayon kayan aikin infrared na kusa. Binciken ya nuna kasancewar iskar oxygen da aka yi da iskar oxygen da ke nuni da girman taurari. Wannan yana yiwuwa ne kawai lokacin da yawancin al'ummomi na taurari sun riga sun yi rayuwar rayuwarsu.
Taurari na farko a sararin samaniya suna da sifili-karfe ko ƙananan ƙarfe. Ana kiran su taurarin Pop III ko taurarin Population III. Ƙananan taurarin ƙarfe sune taurarin Pop II. Taurari matasa suna da babban abun ciki na ƙarfe kuma ana kiran su "Pop I stars" ko taurarin ƙarfe na rana. Tare da ingantacciyar ƙarfin 1.4%, rana tauraro ce ta kwanan nan. A ilmin taurari, duk wani abu da ya fi helium nauyi ana ɗaukarsa ƙarfe ne. Chemical wadanda ba karafa kamar oxygen, nitrogen da dai sauransu su ne karafa a cikin cosmological mahallin. Taurari suna samun wadatar ƙarfe a kowane tsara bayan taron supernova. Ƙarfafa abun ciki na ƙarfe a cikin taurari yana nuna ƙarami.
Idan aka yi la'akari da shekarun galaxy JADES-GS-z14-0 bai wuce shekaru miliyan 300 bayan Big Bang ba, taurari a cikin wannan galaxy yakamata su kasance taurarin Pop III tare da abun ciki na sifili. Koyaya, MIRI na JWST ya sami iskar oxygen.
Dangane da abubuwan lura da binciken da ke sama, kaddarorin farkon sararin samaniya JADES-GS-z14-0 ba su dace da fahimtar yanzu na samuwar galaxy ba. Ta yaya za a yi kwanan wata galaxy mai irin waɗannan siffofi zuwa shekaru miliyan 290 bayan Bing Bang? Mai yiyuwa ne a iya gano yawancin irin waɗannan taurari a nan gaba. Wataƙila bambance-bambancen taurari sun wanzu a Cosmic Dawn.
***
References:
- Carniani, S., et al. 2024. Spectroscopic tabbaci na biyu haske galaxies a ja na 14. Nature (2024). An buga 24 Yuli 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07860-9 . Preprint a axRiv. An ƙaddamar da Mayu 28, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.18485
- Helton JM, et al 2024. JWST/MIRI ganowar hoto a 7.7 μm na stellar ci gaba da watsi da nebular a cikin galaxy a z>14. Preprint a axRiv. An ƙaddamar da Mayu 28, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.18462
- NASA James Webb Space Telescope. Mahimman bayanai na farko - Na'urar hangen nesa ta James Webb ta NASA ta Nemo Mafi Sanin Galaxy. An buga 30 Mayu 2024. Akwai a https://webbtelescope.org/contents/early-highlights/nasas-james-webb-space-telescope-finds-most-distant-known-galaxy
***
. It was formed in the early universe about 290 million years after the Big Bang. The copious amount of starlight implies it is massive and is over 1,600-light years across in size. Such a luminous, massive and large galaxy in the early universe at cosmic dawn defies current understanding of galaxy formation. The first stars in the universe Pop III stars with zero-metal or extremely low-metal. However, study of infrared properties of JADES-GS-z14-0 galaxy reveals presence of oxygen which means metal enrichment implying generations of massive stars had already completed their life-courses from births to supernova explosion by about 290 million years in the early universe. Properties of this galaxy is at odds with the current understanding of galaxy formation in the early universe.){kind=link}