James Webb's Ultra Deep Field Observations: Ƙungiyoyin Bincike guda Biyu don Nazari Na Farko Galaxies  

Taswirar sararin samaniya ta James Webb (JWST) , cibiyar lura da sararin samaniya wadda aka tsara don gudanar da ilmin taurari na infrared kuma aka ƙaddamar da ita cikin nasara a ranar 25 ga Disamba, 2021, za ta ba wa ƙungiyoyin bincike biyu damar yin nazarin taurarin farko a sararin samaniya . Ƙungiyoyin binciken za su yi amfani da kayan aikin JWST masu ƙarfi (NIRISS, NIRCam da NIRSpec) don kamawa da kuma siffanta wasu taurarin farko.

Binciken Jama'a na Gaba na Tsarin Zurfi Mai Zurfi Mai Zurfi (NGDEEP) zai yi niyya ga Hubble Ultra Deep Field ta hanyar nuna Hoton Near-Infrared Imager da Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) na telescope akan babban filin Hubble Ultra Deep da Kyamarar Near-Infrared (NIRCam) akan filin layi daya. Kayan aiki guda biyu NIRISS da NIRCam za su kama hasken infrared (wanda aka canza shi saboda fadada sararin samaniya ). Za a fitar da bayanan nan take don amfanar masu binciken.

Ƙungiyar NGDEEP za ta kuma gano abubuwan ƙarfe a cikin farkon taurari, musamman a cikin ƙanana da ƙananan taurari waɗanda ba a yi nazari sosai ba tukuna. Nazarin abubuwan ƙarfe a cikin taurari hanya ce ta yau da kullun don bin diddigin juyin halitta a lokacin sararin samaniya. Akwai hydrogen da helium kawai a farkon sararin samaniya . Sabbin abubuwa sun samo asali ne ta hanyar tsararraki masu zuwa na taurari . Nazarin abubuwan ƙarfe a cikin taurari zai taimaka wajen gano daidai lokacin da abubuwa daban-daban suka wanzu da kuma sabunta samfuran da ke nuna yadda taurari suka samo asali a cikin sararin samaniya na farko.

Sauran ƙungiyar bincike za su bincika babban filin Hubble Ultra Deep ta amfani da jerin na'urorin rufewa na microshutter a cikin Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) na na'urar hangen nesa. Wannan zai samar da babban samfurin farko na taurarin farko da suka wanzu a sararin samaniya na farko wanda zai ba masu bincike damar fahimtar su dalla-dalla.

Labarin nazarin sararin samaniya na farko ya fara ne a shekarar 1995 da shawarar mayar da hankali kan Hubble Space Telescope (HST) a kan komai a cikin filin da ba a taɓa bincikawa ba a sararin samaniya. Hubble ya ɗauki hotuna kusan 3000 na taurari a matakai daban-daban na juyin halittar taurari. An fi saninsa da Hubble Deep Field, waɗannan hotunan sune hotunan farko na taurarin farko kuma sun kawo sauyi a fannin ilmin taurari.

A matsayinsa na magajin na'urar hangen nesa ta Hubble (HST), na'urar hangen nesa ta sararin samaniya ta James Webb (JWST) tana ci gaba da ɗaukar gadon Hubble a fannin nazarin sararin samaniya na farko . Na'urar hangen nesa ta Webb tana da nufin neman haske daga taurari da taurari na farko da suka samo asali a Duniya bayan Babban Bango don nazarin samuwar taurari da juyin halittarsu, fahimtar samuwar taurari da tsarin taurari da kuma nazarin tsarin taurari da asalin rayuwa.

Duniyar farko a cikin shekaru miliyan ɗari da suka gabata bayan babban fashewar wani wuri ne daban. Ya kasance rabin-opaque. A wannan lokacin ne taurarin farko a sararin samaniya suka fara samuwa. An hango taurari da yawa masu nisa ta hanyar na'urorin hangen nesa amma babu su a baya fiye da shekaru miliyan 400 bayan babban fashewar. Menene taurarin da suka wanzu ko da a baya? Ƙungiyoyin bincike guda biyu da aka ambata a sama za su amsa wannan ta hanyar bayyana cikakkun bayanai game da farkon babi na juyin halittar taurari.

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Sources:  

1. NASA 2022. NASA's Webb don Gano Arziki na Farko, An buga 22 Yuni 2022. Akwai akan layi a https://webbtelescope.org/contents/news-releases/2022/news-2022-015.html An shiga cikin 23 Yuni 2022. 

2. Prasad U., 2021. James Webb Space Telescope (JWST): Cibiyar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Farko da aka sadaukar don Nazarin Farkon sararin samaniya. Kimiyyar Turai. An buga 6 Nuwamba 2021. Akwai akan layi a http://scientificeuropean.co.uk/sciences/space/james-webb-space-telescope-jwst-the-first-space-observatory-dedicated-to-the-study-of-early-universe/

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