Masu bincike sun gano wani labari na archaeon a cikin alaƙar symbiotic a cikin tsarin ƙwayoyin cuta na ruwa wanda ke nuna matsananciyar raguwar genome don samun ɗimbin ɗimbin ɗimbin genome na 238 kbp kawai kuma yana da matsananciyar son zuciya ga sarrafa bayanan kwayoyin halitta. Kwayoyin halittarsa da farko ya ƙunshi na'ura don kwafin DNA, rubutawa, da fassarar. Ba shi da kusan dukkanin hanyoyin rayuwa don haka yana nuna jimlar dogaro na rayuwa ga mai gida. Candidatus Sukunaarchaeum mirabile na ɗan lokaci mai suna Candidatus Sukunaarchaeum mirabile, ainihin halitta ce ta salula wanda ke riƙe da ainihin abin da ya dace kawai kuma ya samo asali don kusanci hanyar rayuwa. Tare da Sukunaarchaeum mirabile yana bayyana azaman hanyar haɗi tsakanin sassan salula da ƙwayoyin cuta, wannan binciken yana tilasta mutum yayi mamakin ƙarancin buƙatun rayuwar salula.
Dinoflagellates rukuni ne na eukaryotic algae mai cell guda ɗaya mai ɗauke da tuta guda biyu iri ɗaya. Yawancin su plankton na ruwa ne kuma an san su don kula da al'ummomin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.
A cikin binciken baya-bayan nan, haɓakar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta guda ɗaya na ƙwayoyin cuta masu alaƙa da dinoflagellate Citharites Regius An bayyana kasancewar wani sabon tsarin da'ira na 238 kbp tare da ƙaramin GC (guanine-cytosine) abun ciki na 28.9%. An gano cewa jeri yana wakiltar cikakkiyar kwayar halittar prokaryote. Wani bincike ya nuna cewa kwayoyin halittar da ke dauke da wannan kwayar halitta archaeon ce. Har yanzu, mafi ƙanƙancin sanannen cikakken genome na archaeal shine 490 kbp genome na Nanoarchaeum equitans. Halin halittar archaeon da aka gano a cikin wannan binciken bai kai rabin wannan girman ba, duk da haka an gano ya cika sosai. Ƙarin bincike ya tabbatar da cewa hakika yana wakiltar cikakkiyar kwayar halittar archaeon kuma an ba shi suna Candidatus Sukunaarchaeum mirabile.
Sabon archaeon da aka gano Ca. Sukunaarchaeum mirabile yana nuna matsananciyar raguwar kwayoyin halitta wajen samun genome mai tsiri-saukar da kawai 238 kbp (don kwatanta, girman genome na al'ada archaea yana da kusan 0.5 zuwa 5.8 Mbp yayin da girman ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta ke tsakanin 2 kb zuwa sama da 1 Mbp). Bugu da ari, ana kuma gano cewa yana da matsananciyar son zuciya ga sarrafa bayanan kwayoyin halitta. Da farko yana ɓoye na'urar don kwafin DNA, rubutawa, da fassarar. Ba shi da kusan dukkanin hanyoyin rayuwa don haka yana nuna jimlar dogaro na rayuwa ga mai gida.
Ca. Sukunaarchaeum mirabile yayi kama da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin samun ƙaramin kwayar halitta wanda aka sadaukar don wanzuwar kwayoyin halitta da cikakken dogaro da runduna wanda ya wajaba ta raguwar rayuwa. Koyaya, ba kamar ƙwayoyin cuta ba, Sukunaarchaeum mirabile yana da nasa ainihin rubutun da na'urar fassara da ribosomes. Ba ya rasa ainihin kwayoyin halittar injuna kuma baya dogara ga mai gida don wannan. Wannan shine babban maɓalli tsakanin sassan salula da ƙwayoyin cuta. Sukunaarchaeum mirabile asalin halitta ce ta salula wanda ke riƙe da ainihin abin da ya samo asali don kusanci hanyar rayuwa ta hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri.
tare da Sukunaarchaeum mirabile bayyana a matsayin hanyar haɗi tsakanin sassan salula da ƙwayoyin cuta, wannan binciken yana tilasta mutum yayi mamaki game da ƙarancin buƙatun rayuwar salula.
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References:
- Harada R., et al 2025. Halittar salula mai riƙe da ainihin abin da za ta yi kawai: Hidden archaeal lineage with an ultra-reduced genome. Preprint a bioRxiv. An ƙaddamar da shi a kan 02 Mayu 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.05.02.651781
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Shafukan da suka shafi:
- Eukaryotes: Labarin Asalinsa na Archaeal (31 Disamba 2022)
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