Bincike ya nuna dabarun gyaran kwayoyin halitta domin kare zuri’ar mutum daga cututtukan da za a gada
Wani bincike da aka buga a mujallar Nature ya nuna a karon farko cewa ana iya gyara tayin ɗan adam a matakin farko na ci gaban tayin ta hanyar amfani da dabarar gyaran kwayoyin halitta (wanda kuma ake kira gyaran kwayoyin halitta) da ake kira CRISPR. Binciken, wanda aka yi tare da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Cibiyar Salk, Jami'ar Lafiya da Kimiyya ta Oregon da ke Portland da Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Asali a Koriya ya nuna cewa masu bincike sun gyara maye gurbin kwayoyin halitta masu cutarwa don yanayin zuciya a cikin tayin ɗan adam don kawar da wannan cuta a cikin zuriyar da ke nan da kuma tsararraki masu zuwa. Binciken ya ba da mahimman bayanai game da hana dubban cututtuka waɗanda maye gurbi ɗaya/da yawa ke haifarwa a cikin kwayar halitta ɗaya kawai.
Gyara kwayar halitta guda daya da ke da alaka da cuta kafin farkon rayuwa
Ciwon zuciya da ake kira Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) shine babban abin da ke haifar da bugun zuciya kwatsam wanda ke haifar da mutuwa kuma yana shafar kusan mutum 1 cikin 500 na kowane zamani ko jinsi. Ana tsammanin HCM ita ce cutar zuciya da aka fi gada ko ta gado a duk duniya. Yana faruwa ne ta hanyar maye gurbi mai rinjaye a cikin kwayar halitta (MYBPC3) amma kasancewar wannan yanayin ba a gano shi ba har sai ya yi latti. Mutanen da ke da kwafin wannan kwayar halitta mai canzawa suna da kashi 50 cikin ɗari na damar yada shi ga 'ya'yansu kuma don haka gyara wannan maye gurbi a cikin tayi zai hana cutar ba kawai ga yara da abin ya shafa ba, har ma ga zuriyarsu na gaba. Ta amfani da dabarun IVF (In vitro hadi), masu bincike sun allurar da aka gyara sassan kwayar halittar a cikin ƙwai masu lafiya da aka haɗu da maniyyin mai bayarwa. Hanyar da suke bi ta ba da damar hanyoyin gyaran DNA na ƙwayoyin mai bayarwa don gyara maye gurbi a zagaye na gaba na rabuwar ƙwayoyin halitta. Ana gyara maye gurbi ta hanyar amfani da ko dai jerin DNA na wucin gadi ko kwafin kwayar halittar MYBPC3 mara canzawa a matsayin samfurin farawa.
Masu bincike sun yi nazarin dukkan ƙwayoyin halittar da ke cikin farkon amfrayo don ganin yadda aka gyara canjin da kyau. An gano cewa dabarar gyaran kwayoyin halitta a matakin farko tana da aminci, daidai kuma mai tasiri. A takaice, "yana aiki". Abin mamaki ne ga masu bincike su ga cewa gyaran kwayoyin halitta ya tafi da kyau kuma ba su ga wata damuwa ba kamar haifar da maye gurbi da ba a yi niyya ba da/ko rashin kwanciyar hankali na kwayoyin halitta. Sun ƙirƙiro wata dabara mai ƙarfi don tabbatar da gyara mai dorewa a cikin dukkan ƙwayoyin amfrayo. Wannan wata sabuwar dabara ce da ba a bayar da rahoto ba zuwa yanzu kuma wannan fasaha ta yi nasarar gyara maye gurbi na kwayar halitta guda ɗaya da ke haifar da cutar ta hanyar amfani da martanin gyaran DNA wanda ya keɓance ga amfrayo kawai a matakin farko na ɗaukar ciki.
Muhawara ta ɗabi'a game da gyaran kwayoyin halitta
Irin wannan ci gaba a fasahar ƙwayoyin halitta da gyaran kwayoyin halitta - duk da cewa har yanzu suna cikin ƙuruciya - ya ba wa miliyoyin mutane bege ga yiwuwar maye gurbi masu haifar da cututtuka a cikin kwayoyin halittarsu ta hanyar nuna wata dabara don hana da warkar da wasu irin waɗannan cututtuka. Ikon wannan binciken yana da girma kuma yana da tasiri; duk da haka, wannan batu ne mai jayayya a ɗabi'a kuma duk wani mataki zuwa ga irin waɗannan nazarin dole ne a yi shi da taka tsantsan bayan an yi la'akari sosai da duk hukunce-hukuncen ɗabi'a da suka wajaba. Sauran shinge ga wannan nau'in binciken sun haɗa da rashin goyon bayan binciken tayi da kuma hana duk wani gwaji na asibiti da ya shafi germline (ƙwayoyin da suka zama maniyyi ko ƙwai). Wani misali da masu binciken suka bayyana a sarari shine guje wa shigar da maye gurbi da ba a yi niyya ba cikin layin germ.
Marubutan sun bayyana cewa bincikensu ya yi daidai da shawarwarin da ke cikin taswirar 2016 mai taken " Gyaran Kwayoyin Halittar Dan Adam : Kimiyya, Ɗabi'a, da Mulki" ta Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa, Amurka.
Yin babban tasiri tare da yuwuwa
Sakamakon wannan binciken da aka buga a cikin Nature ya nuna babban ƙarfin gyaran kwayoyin halittar tayi . Wannan shine bincike na farko kuma mafi girma a fannin gyaran kwayoyin halitta . Duk da haka, wannan fanni na bincike yana cike da kimantawa ta gaskiya game da fa'idodi da haɗari tare da ci gaba da kimanta aminci da ingancin hanyar a cikin babban hangen nesa.
Wannan binciken zai yi tasiri sosai wajen gano hanyoyin magance dubban cututtuka da ke faruwa sakamakon maye gurbi a cikin kwayoyin halitta guda ɗaya. A cikin "nan gaba mai nisa" za a iya dasa ƙwayoyin halittar da aka gyara a cikin mahaifa da nufin kafa ciki, kuma a lokacin irin wannan tsari, gwajin asibiti zai iya sa ido kan ƙwayoyin halittar yayin da suke girma zuwa zuriya. Yana kama da ba zai yiwu ba a wannan lokacin, amma wannan shine babban burin da aka nufa na dogon lokaci na wannan binciken. An yi aikin ƙasa ta hanyar kawo masana kimiyya mataki ɗaya kusa da cire cututtukan kwayoyin halitta da aka gada daga zuriya daga ɗan adam.
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Source (s)
Hong M da abokan aikinsa 2017. Gyaran wani sauye-sauye a cikin kwayoyin halittar da ke haifar da cutarwa a cikin tayin ɗan adam. Yanayi . https://doi.org/10.1038/nature23305
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