Kalmar 'robot' tana nuna hotunan injin ƙarfe irin na ɗan adam (wanda aka yi da ɗan adam) wanda aka tsara kuma aka tsara shi don yin wasu ayyuka ta atomatik a gare mu. Duk da haka, robot (ko bots) na iya zama na kowace siffa ko girma kuma ana iya yin su da kowane abu (gami da kayan halitta kamar ƙwayoyin halitta) dangane da ƙira da buƙatun aiki. Wataƙila ba ta da wani siffa ta zahiri kamar yadda yake a yanayin Siri ko Alexa . Robots ɗin kayan tarihi ne ko injuna waɗanda aka ƙera da hankali waɗanda ke nuna 'yancin kai kuma suna yin takamaiman ayyuka.
Robots na halittu (ko biobots) suna amfani da ƙwayoyin halitta masu rai ko kyallen takarda a matsayin kayan ƙera su. Kamar dukkan robots, biobots suma injina ne da za a iya tsara su, suna nuna 'yancin kai kuma suna yin ayyuka na musamman. Waɗannan nau'i ne na musamman na tsarin rayuwa mai aiki da motsi na roba.
Nau'in kyallen halitta masu rai ba robot ba ne. Su sassan dabbobi ne. Kwayoyin halitta masu rai suna zama robot lokacin da aka 'yantar da su daga ƙuntatawa na yau da kullun kuma aka tsara su zuwa siffar da aikin da ake so ta hanyar haɗa da siffanta ƙwayoyin halitta ta hanyar wucin gadi don nuna takamaiman halaye.
Xenobots su ne halittu na farko da aka ƙirƙira a dakin gwaje-gwaje ta amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙwai daga cikin nau'in kwaɗi mai suna Xenopus laevis (don haka sunan Xenobots). Shi ne halitta ta farko mai rai, mai gyara kanta, mai kwafi kanta. An yi amfani da ƙwayoyin halitta masu rai a matsayin tubalan gini waɗanda aka 'yantar daga ƙuntatawa na yau da kullun na sauran tayin don samar da sabon nau'in rayuwa ta wucin gadi wanda yanayin halittarsa da siffofinsa aka 'tsara' ta hanyar wucin gadi. Saboda haka, Xenobot wata halitta ce mai rai ta roba. Ci gaban Xenobots ya nuna cewa ƙwayoyin da aka samo daga tayin amphibian za a iya tsara su zuwa siffar da aikin da ake so ta hanyar sakin ƙuntatawa ta halitta. Duk da haka, ba a san ko biobots za a iya ƙirƙirar su daga ƙwayoyin halitta waɗanda ba na amphibian ba ko na manya.
Masana kimiyya sun bayar da rahoton nasarar gina ƙwayoyin halitta ta amfani da ƙwayoyin halitta na manya daga ƙwayoyin halittar ɗan adam waɗanda ba na mahaifa ba waɗanda ke da ƙarfin da ya wuce Xenobots. An sanya wa wannan ƙwayoyin halitta suna ' Anthrobots ' saboda asalin ɗan adam.
Tunda an samo Xenobots daga ƙwayoyin amphibian ta hanyar ƙirƙirar ƙwayoyin halitta daban-daban, ƙungiyar binciken ta fara da gwada ko ikon haifar da biobots ya takaita ga waɗannan ƙwayoyin amphibian ko kuma, wasu ƙwayoyin manya waɗanda ba na amphibian ba, waɗanda ba na ambrionic ba suma za su iya samar da biobots? Bugu da ƙari, idan ana buƙatar a sassaka ƙwayoyin iri daban-daban don samar da biobots ko kuma haɗa ƙwayoyin iri na farko shi ma zai iya haifar da gina biobots da kansu? Don wannan, maimakon kyallen tayi, masu binciken sun yi amfani da manyan ƙwayoyin somatic da aka samo daga epithelium na huhu na ɗan adam kuma sun sami damar samar da sabbin tsarin rayuwa masu motsi, masu yawa, masu gina kansu, ba tare da sassaka hannu ko amfani da kowane injin samar da siffa ta waje ba. Hanyar da aka yi amfani da ita tana da ƙwanƙwasa. An samar da tarin biobots a layi ɗaya waɗanda suka motsa ta hanyar turawa ta hanyar cilia-driven kuma suka rayu na tsawon kwanaki 45-60. Abin sha'awa, an kuma lura cewa Anthrobots sun motsa ta hanyar karyewa a cikin monolayers na neuronal kuma sun haifar da ingantaccen warkar da lahani a cikin vitro.
Haɗa Anthrobots yana da matuƙar muhimmanci domin yana nuna cewa ƙarfin ƙwayoyin halitta don samar da biobots ba ya takaita ga ƙwayoyin haihuwa ko amphibian kawai ba. Ya nuna cewa ƙwayoyin daji na ɗan adam na manya ba tare da wani sauye-sauye na kwayoyin halitta ba za su iya samar da sabbin ƙwayoyin halitta ba tare da wani injin samar da siffofi na waje ba.
Anthrobots ci gaba ne akan Xenobots kuma ci gaba ne a fannin fasahar da ta dace wanda ke da tasiri mai mahimmanci ga samar da kyallen takarda masu rikitarwa don amfani a asibiti a fannin maganin sake farfaɗowa . A nan gaba, yana iya yiwuwa a samar da Anthrobots na musamman ga kowane majiyyaci kuma a tura su cikin jiki ba tare da haifar da wata illa ga garkuwar jiki ba.
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References:
- Blackiston D. et al 2023. Robots Na Halittu: Ra'ayoyi akan Filin Tsare-Tsare na Farko. Robotics mai laushi. Agusta 2023. 674-686. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/soro.2022.0142
- Gumuskaya, G. et al. 2023. Motile Living Biobots Kai Gina Daga Manya Human Kwayoyin iri na Somatic Progenitor. Advanced Science 2303575. aka buga: 30 Nuwamba 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202303575
- Jami'ar Tufts 2023. Labarai - Masanan Kimiyya sun Gina Tiny Biological Robots daga Human Kwayoyin. https://now.tufts.edu/2023/11/30/scientists-build-tiny-biological-robots-human-cells
- Ibrahimkhani Mo.R. da Levin M., 2021. Injin rayuwa na roba: Sabuwar taga akan rayuwa. Ra'ayin iScience. Juzu'i na 24, Fitowa ta 5, 102505, Mayu 21, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102505
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