A karo na farko, isar da kwayoyin halitta ya haifar da ƙwayoyin zuciya don rarrabuwa da kuma yaduwa a cikin babban nau'in dabba bayan ciwon zuciya na myocardial. Wannan ya haifar da haɓaka ayyukan zuciya.
Bisa lafazin WHO, kusan mutane miliyan 25 a duniya suna fama da cutar zuciya harin. Ciwon zuciya - ake kira infarction na zuciya – yana faruwa ne ta hanyar toshewar daya daga cikin jijiyoyin bugun jini na zuciya kwatsam. Ciwon zuciya yana haifar da lahani na dindindin ga zuciyar majiyyaci mai rai ta hanyar samuwar tabo kuma sashin jikin ya kasa shawo kan asarar zuciya tsokoki. Wannan na iya haifar da gazawar zuciya akai-akai har ma da mutuwa. Zuciyar mai shayarwa za ta iya sake farfado da kanta nan da nan bayan haihuwa ba kamar kifi da salamander wadanda ke da ikon sake farfado da zuciyar su tsawon rayuwarsu. Kwayoyin tsoka na zuciya ko cardiomyocytes a cikin mutane daga yanzu ba su iya yin kwafi da sake farfado da nama da suka ɓace. An yi ƙoƙarin farfaɗowar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta don sake farfado da zuciya a cikin babban dabba amma ba tare da nasara ba ya zuwa yanzu.
An kafa shi a baya cewa sabon nama zai iya samuwa a cikin zuciya ta hanyar rarrabuwa na cardiomyocytes da aka rigaya da su da kuma yaduwar cardiomyocytes. Ƙayyadadden matakan yaduwa na cardiomyocyte an gani a cikin manya masu shayarwa ciki har da mutane don haka ana ganin haɓaka wannan dukiya a matsayin wata hanya mai yuwuwar samun gyaran zuciya.
Nazarin da suka gabata a cikin mice sun nuna cewa ana iya sarrafa yaduwar cutar ta cardiomyocyte ta hanyar maganin magudin ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar microRNAs (miRNAs) ta hanyar amfani da fahimtar tsarin maturation na cardiomyocyte. MicroRNAs - ƙananan ƙwayoyin RNA waɗanda ba sa rikodin su - suna daidaita maganganun kwayoyin halitta a cikin hanyoyin rayuwa daban-daban. gene therapy wata dabara ce ta gwaji wacce ta ƙunshi shigar da kwayoyin halitta a cikin sel don rama marasa kyaututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta ko don ba da damar bayyanar da mahimman furotin (s) don magance ko hana cuta. Ana isar da kayan kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta ko masu ɗaukar hoto kamar yadda zasu iya cutar da tantanin halitta. Ana amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta masu alaƙa da Adeno gabaɗaya saboda suna da inganci da ƙarfi ƙari, suna da aminci don amfani na dogon lokaci saboda ba sa haifar da cuta a cikin mutane. A baya Gene far Bincike a cikin ƙirar linzamin kwamfuta ya nuna cewa wasu miRNA na ɗan adam na iya tada farfaɗowar zuciya a cikin mice bayan raunin zuciya.
A cikin sabon binciken da aka buga a ciki Nature a kan Mayu 8 masu bincike sun bayyana maganin kwayoyin halitta wanda zai iya haifar da ƙwayoyin zuciya don warkarwa da sake farfadowa bayan ciwon zuciya a karo na farko a cikin wani nau'i mai girma na dabba na alade. Bayan ciwon zuciya na zuciya a cikin aladu, masu bincike sun ba da karamin yanki na kwayoyin halitta microRNA-199a a cikin zuciyar aladu ta hanyar yin allurar kai tsaye a cikin nama ta hanyar yin amfani da adeno-abokiyar kwayar cutar kwayar cutar AAV Serotype 6. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa aikin zuciya a cikin aladu an gyara shi gaba daya kuma an dawo da shi daga ciwon zuciya na zuciya bayan wani lokaci na wata daya idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar kulawa. Jimillar dabbobi 25 da aka yi wa magani sun nuna ci gaba mai mahimmanci a cikin aikin kwangila, ƙara yawan ƙwayar tsoka da raguwar fibrosis na zuciya. An rage girman tabo da kashi 50 cikin ɗari. Abubuwan da aka sani na miRNA-199a an ga an rage su a cikin dabbobin da aka kula da su ciki har da abubuwa biyu na hanyar Hippo wanda shine muhimmin mai daidaita girman gabobin jiki da girma kuma yana yin ayyuka a cikin yaduwar kwayar halitta, apoptosis da bambance-bambance. Yaduwar miRNA-199a an iyakance shi ga tsokar zuciya da aka yi masa allura kawai. Anyi hoton ta hanyar amfani da hoton maganadisu na zuciya (cMRI), ta yin amfani da haɓakar gadolinium marigayi (LGE) - LGE (cMRI).
Binciken ya nuna mahimmancin sahihanci a hankali a cikin wannan maganin ƙwayoyin cuta na musamman. Dogon lokaci, tsayin daka da rashin kula da bayyanar microRNA ya haifar da mutuwar kwatsam ga yawancin batutuwan alade da ake jiyya. Don haka, ana buƙatar ƙira da isar da samfuran miRNA na wucin gadi kamar yadda mai yuwuwar canja wurin kwayar cutar ta kasa cimma manufar da ake so yadda ya kamata.
Binciken na yanzu ya nuna cewa isar da 'magungunan kwayoyin halitta' masu tasiri na iya haifar da cardiomyocyte de-differentiation da yaduwa don haka yana motsa zuciya a cikin babban nau'i na dabba - a nan alade wanda ke da ciwon zuciya da ilimin lissafi irin na mutane. Matsakaicin adadin zai kasance mai mahimmanci. Binciken yana ƙarfafa roƙon miRNAs azaman kayan aikin kwayoyin halitta saboda ikonsu na daidaitawa da sarrafa matakan kwayoyin halitta da yawa a lokaci guda. Ba da daɗewa ba binciken zai matsa zuwa gwaji na asibiti. Yin amfani da wannan jiyya, ana iya haɓaka sabbin jiyya masu inganci don cututtuka masu tsanani na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini.
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{Zaku iya karanta ainihin takardar bincike ta danna hanyar haɗin DOI da aka bayar a ƙasa a cikin jerin tushen(s) da aka ambata}}
Source (s)
1. Gabisonia K. et al. 2019. Maganin MicroRNA yana motsa gyare-gyaren zuciya mara kulawa bayan ciwon zuciya a cikin aladu. Halitta. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1191-6
2. Eulalio A. et al. 2012. Ayyukan nunawa yana gano miRNAs masu haifar da farfadowa na zuciya. Halitta. 492. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11739
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