Tsarin yaren kwayoyin halitta na Evo 2 ya tsara sabbin kwayoyin halitta masu aiki na bacteriophage ΦX174. An haɗa kimanin 300 daga cikin zane-zanen da aka samar ta hanyar sinadarai kuma an gwada su a dakin gwaje-gwaje. An yi amfani da phages guda goma sha shida da aka haɗa kuma an gano suna da tasiri akan ƙwayoyin cuta masu juriya ga Escherichia coli C, wanda ke nuna cewa maganin phage na iya zama zaɓi don magance juriya ga ƙwayoyin cuta. A matsayin wani muhimmin ci gaba a kimiyya, wannan shine karo na farko da samfurin harshe ya tsara aikin halittu a matakin kwayar halitta gaba ɗaya.
Juyin halitta ya shafe kimanin shekaru biliyan 3 yana aiki yana tsara tsarin halittu a cikin yanayi ta hanyar maye gurbi da zaɓi bazuwar. Mutane sun yi amfani da zaɓin wucin gadi na tsawon lokaci don tsara siffofin halittu na shuke-shuke da dabbobi. Injiniyan kwayoyin halitta kayan aiki ne da aka kafa yanzu don tsara tsarin halittu, godiya ga ci gaban ilimin halittar kwayoyin halitta a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata. Wannan yana buƙatar hasashen cikakkun bayanai game da tsari mai aiki da dorewa, wanda aiki ne mai rikitarwa da ƙalubale. Babban ƙarfin kwamfuta na LLM na zamani waɗanda aka horar da su da kyau tare da bayanan juyin halitta da kwayoyin halitta masu dacewa ya zo da amfani wajen haɓaka binciken ƙirar halittu masu aiki.
A kwanan nan, AI mai tasowa ya sami aikace-aikace wajen tsara tsarin halittu masu rikitarwa a ma'aunin kwayoyin halitta da sunadarai. A shekarar 2025, masu bincike sun nuna cewa samfurin harshe da aka horar a ma'auni akan bayanan juyin halitta zai iya samar da sabbin sunadaran aiki. Sun gabatar da ESM3, samfurin harshen furotin wanda ke samar da tsarin furotin da jerin amino acid lokacin da aka nemi hakan. Jerin sunadaran suna tantance tsarin girma uku da aikin tantanin halitta na furotin.
An horar da samfuran yaren genome akan manyan kwayoyin halittar DNA waɗanda suka ƙunshi miliyoyin kwayoyin halittar daga dukkan fannoni na rayuwa. Sakamakon haka, waɗannan samfuran suna koyon ƙa'idodin juyin halitta waɗanda ke tsara jerin DNA a cikin yanayi. Shin samfurin yaren genome zai iya samar da dukkan kwayoyin halittar aiki?
A wani bincike da aka yi kwanan nan da aka ruwaito a ranar 6 ga Agusta 2026, masu bincike sun yi nasarar amfani da samfuran harshen genome, Evo 1 da Evo 2, don samar da cikakkun kwayoyin halitta na bacteriophage ΦX174 tare da tsarin kwayoyin halitta na gaske da takamaiman tsari ga mai masaukin baki na ƙwayoyin cuta, Escherichia coli C. Sun yi amfani da phage na halitta ΦX174 a matsayin samfurin ƙira. An tantance dubban kwayoyin halittar da aka samar, waɗanda aka haɗa su ta hanyar sinadarai kuma aka gwada su a dakin gwaje-gwaje. An gano phages goma sha shida suna da rai. phages masu rai sun kasance sababbi kuma cikin sauri sun shawo kan nau'ikan E. coli masu jure wa ΦX174 da sauri lokacin da aka gwada wannan ikon.
Wannan binciken ya ɗaga samfuran harshen kwayoyin halitta zuwa mataki na gaba domin ya nuna cewa waɗannan samfuran za su iya kama iyakokin juyin halitta a cikin jerin DNA tare da isasshen aminci don samar da cikakkun kwayoyin halitta masu aiki. Wannan kuma yana shimfida hanya mai tushe don maganin bacteriophage akan ƙwayoyin cuta masu juriya.
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References:
- Hayes T. kuma yana dal. 2025. Kwaikwayon shekaru miliyan 500 na juyin halitta tare da samfurin harshe. Kimiyya. 16 Janairu 2025. Vol 387, Fitowa ta 6736 shafi na 850-858. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ads0018
- Sarki SH kuma yana dal. 2026. Tsarin samar da ƙwayoyin cuta tare da samfuran yaren kwayoyin halitta. Science. 6 ga Agusta 2026. Juzu'i na 393, Fitowa ta 6811. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aec2657
- Inglesby TV da Hanke MS, 2026. Kwayoyin halittar kwayar cuta da aka tsara ta hanyar AI. Science. 6 ga Agusta 2026. Juzu'i na 393, Fitowa ta 6811 shafi na 563-564. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aej8512
- AI ta tsara wani sabon labari mai kisan gillar E. Coli. Rahoton Stanford. 6 ga Agusta 2026. Akwai a https://news.stanford.edu/stories/2026/08/evo-2-ai-tool-e-coli-killer-bacteriophages
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