Big Bang ya samar da nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin halitta wadanda yakamata su halaka juna suna barin sararin samaniya mara komai. Duk da haka, kwayoyin halitta sun tsira kuma sun mamaye sararin samaniya yayin da antimatter ya ɓace. Ana tsammanin cewa wasu bambance-bambancen da ba a san su ba a cikin ainihin kaddarorin tsakanin barbashi da madaidaitan antiparticles na iya zama alhakin wannan. Babban ma'aunin ma'auni na mahimman kaddarorin antiprotons suna da yuwuwar haɓaka fahimtar al'ada-antimatter asymmetry. Yana buƙatar samar da antiprotons. A halin yanzu, CERN's Antiproton Decelerator (AD) ita ce kawai wurin da ake kera da adana su. Ba zai yiwu a gudanar da ingantaccen bincike na antiprotons kusa da AD ba saboda jujjuyawar filin maganadisu da masu haɓakawa ke haifarwa. Don haka, jigilar antiprotons daga wannan wurin zuwa wasu dakunan gwaje-gwaje yana da mahimmanci. A halin yanzu, babu fasahar da ta dace don yin hakan. GASKIYAR MATSAYI mataki ne na gaba a wannan hanya. Na'ura ce mai ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi da aka ƙera don adanawa da jigilar ƙwayoyin cuta daga cibiyar CERN zuwa dakunan gwaje-gwaje a wasu wurare don ingantaccen bincike na antimatter. A ranar 24 ga Oktoba 2024, BASE-STEP ta gudanar da zanga-zangar fasaha mai nasara ta amfani da protons da aka kama a matsayin tsayawa ga antiprotons. Ya yi jigilar gajimare na protons 70 a cikin wata babbar mota. Wannan shi ne misali na farko na jigilar sassan sassan jiki a cikin tarkon da za a sake amfani da su da kuma muhimmin dutsen tsauni don ƙirƙirar sabis na isar da proton zuwa gwaje-gwaje a wasu dakunan gwaje-gwaje. Tare da wasu gyare-gyare a cikin hanyoyin, an shirya jigilar antiprotons a cikin 2025.
A farkon, Big Bang ya samar da daidaitattun adadin kwayoyin halitta da antimatter. Dukansu iri ɗaya ne a cikin kaddarorin, kawai cewa suna da caji iri-iri, kuma lokacin maganadisu yana juyawa.
Al'amarin da antimatter ya kamata a hanzarta halakar da barin sararin samaniya mara komai amma hakan bai faru ba. Duniya a yanzu tana mamaye gaba ɗaya da kwayoyin halitta yayin da antimatter ya ɓace. Wannan ana tunanin cewa akwai ɗan bambanci da ba a sani ba tsakanin ɓangarorin asali da kuma daidaitattun abubuwan da suka dace wanda zai iya haifar da rayuwar kwayoyin halitta yayin da aka kawar da antimatter wanda ya kai ga asymmetry-antimatter.
A cewar tsarin CPT (Charge, Parity, and Time reversal), wanda wani ɓangare ne na Tsarin Daidaitaccen Tsarin kimiyyar ƙwayoyin cuta, halayen asali na ƙwayoyin cuta ya kamata su zama daidai kuma wani ɓangare akasin na ƙwayoyin cuta masu dacewa. Ma'aunin gwaji mai inganci na bambance-bambance a cikin halayen asali (kamar taro, caji, rayuwa ko lokutan maganadisu) na ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta masu dacewa na iya taimakawa wajen fahimtar rashin daidaituwar abu da ƙwayoyin cuta. Wannan shine mahallin gwajin CERN na Baryon Antibaryon Symmetry Experiment (BASE).
An tsara gwajin BASE don bincika Proton Antiproton Symmetry ta hanyar aiwatar da ma'aunin ma'auni na kaddarorin (kamar lokacin maganadisu na ciki) na antiprotons tare da madaidaicin juzu'i bisa tsari-da-biliyan. Mataki na gaba shine kwatanta waɗannan ma'auni tare da daidaitattun ƙimar protons. Don lokacin maganadisu na ciki, gabaɗayan tsari yana dogara ne akan ma'aunin mitar Larmor da mitar cyclotron.
A halin yanzu, CERN's Antiproton Decelerator (AD) ita ce kawai wurin da ake samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi akai-akai da adana su. Ana buƙatar yin nazarin waɗannan magungunan antiprotons a nan wurin cibiyar CERN duk da haka jujjuyawar filin maganadisu da na'ura mai haɓakawa ke haifarwa a rukunin yanar gizon yana iyakance ma'auni na abubuwan antiproton. Don haka, wajibi ne don jigilar antiprotons da aka samar a AD zuwa dakunan gwaje-gwaje a wasu wurare. Amma antimatter ba shi da sauƙi a magance shi yayin da suke halakar da sauri a kan cudanya da kwayoyin halitta. A halin yanzu, babu wata fasaha da ta dace da za ta jigilar antiprotons zuwa dakunan gwaje-gwaje a wasu wurare don masu bincike su gudanar da ingantaccen bincike. GASKIYAR TSAKI (Gwajin Sirri a Gwaje-gwaje tare da Protons masu ɗaukar nauyi) mataki ne na gaba ta wannan hanyar.
BASE-STEP wata karamar na'ura ce wacce aka ƙera don adanawa da jigilar magunguna daga cibiyar CERN zuwa dakunan gwaje-gwaje a wasu wurare don ingantaccen bincike na antimatter. Jigo ne na BASE, yana auna kusan ton kuma ya yi ƙasa da kusan sau biyar fiye da gwajin BSE na asali.
A ranar 24 ga Oktoba 2024, BASE-STEP ta gudanar da zanga-zangar fasaha mai nasara ta amfani da protons da aka kama a matsayin tsayawa ga antiprotons. Ya yi jigilar gajimare na protons 70 a cikin wata babbar mota. Wannan shi ne misali na farko na jigilar sassan sassan jiki a cikin tarkon da za a sake amfani da su da kuma muhimmin dutsen tsakuwa don ƙirƙirar sabis na isar da proton zuwa gwaje-gwaje a wasu dakunan gwaje-gwaje. Tare da wasu gyare-gyare a cikin hanyoyin, ana shirin jigilar antiproton a cikin 2025.
PUMA (antiProton Unstable Matter Annihilation) wani gwaji ne na yanayi iri ɗaya amma yana nufin manufa daban-daban. Kamar BASE-STEP, PUMA kuma ta haɗa da shirya tarko mai ɗaukar nauyi don motsa antiprotons daga zauren CERN's Antiproton Decelerator (AD) zuwa makamanta na ISOLDE don amfani da su a cikin nazarin abubuwan al'amuran kimiyyar nukiliya masu ban mamaki.
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References:
- CERN. Labarai - Gwajin BASE yana ɗaukar babban mataki zuwa antimatter šaukuwa. An buga 25 Oktoba 2024. Akwai a https://home.cern/news/news/experiments/base-experiment-takes-big-step-towards-portable-antimatter
- CERN. Rahoton Zane na Fasaha na BASE-STEP. https://cds.cern.ch/record/2756508/files/SPSC-TDR-007.pdf
- Smorra C., et al. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 2023, 94. 113201 Nuwamba 16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0155492
- Aumann, T., Bartmann, W., Boine-Frankenheim, O. et al. PUMA, antiProton rashin kwanciyar hankali halakar kwayoyin halitta. Yuro. Physi. J. A 58, 88 (2022). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-022-00713-x
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- Bayyana Sirrin Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry na Duniya tare da Gwajin Neutrino Oscillation (1 Mayu 2020)
- Abubuwan da suka yi karo da juna don nazarin "Universe na farko": Muon karon ya nuna (31 Oktoba 2024)
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 is the only facility where antiprotons are produced and stored. It is not possible to conduct high precision studies of antiprotons near AD due to magnetic field fluctuations generated by accelerators. Hence, transporting antiprotons from this facility to other laboratories is an imperative. At present, there is no suitable technology to do so. BASE-STEP is a step forward in this direction. It is a relatively compact device designed to store and transport antiprotons from CERN facility to laboratories at other locations for high precision studies of antimatter. On 24 October 2024, BASE-STEP conducted a successful technology demonstration using trapped protons as a stand-in for antiprotons. It transported a cloud of 70 protons locally in a truck. This was first instance of transportation of loose particles in a reusable trap and an important steppingstone towards creation of an antiproton-delivery service to experiments at other laboratories. With some refinements in procedures, antiprotons are planned to be transported in 2025.){kind=link}