Fusion Energy: EAST Tokamak a kasar Sin ya cimma Mahimmin Matsayi

Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) a kasar Sin ya samu nasarar ci gaba da gudanar da aikin da aka yi a cikin jini na tsawon dakika 1,066 wanda ya karya tarihinsa na dakika 403 da ya samu a shekarar 2023.   

A ranar 20 ga Janairu, 2025, cibiyar gwaji ta Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) a kasar Sin (wanda aka fi sani da "rana ta wucin gadi" ta kasar Sin) ta yi nasarar ci gaba da gudanar da aikin babban dakin gwajin jini na tsawon dakika 1,066. Tsawon dakika 1,066 muhimmin mataki ne a cikin binciken fusion; don haka wannan nasara wani ci gaba ne a yunkurin samar da wutar lantarki. Cibiyar ta EAST a baya ta ci gaba da yin aiki mai ƙarfi na jini na tsawon daƙiƙa 403 a cikin 2023. Domin ba da izinin haɗakar makaman nukiliya, wuraren haɗin gwiwar da ake sarrafawa suna buƙatar isa ga yanayin zafi sama da miliyan 100 ℃ yayin da suke kiyaye aiki na dogon lokaci.  

Cibiyar gwaji ta Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) a kasar Sin ta fara aiki a shekara ta 2007. Wannan na'ura ce ta tokamak kuma ta kasance dandalin gwajin bude ido ga masana kimiyya don gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da bincike masu alaka da Fusion tun lokacin da aka fara aiki.  

Na'urar EAST tokamak tana kama da ITER a siffa da daidaito amma ƙarami, amma mafi sassauƙa. Yana da fasali daban-daban guda uku: sashin giciye mara madauwari, cikakkiyar maɗaukakiyar maganadisu da cikakkiyar ruwan sanyi mai fuskantar abubuwan da ke fuskantar plasma (PFCs). Ya sami babban ci gaba a tsarin tsare-tsare na maganadisu na haɗakar makaman nukiliya, musamman a cikin cimma rikodin rikodin zazzabi na plasma. 

Amfani da maganadisu don tsarewa da sarrafa plasma ɗaya ne daga cikin manyan hanyoyi guda biyu don cimma matsananciyar yanayin da ake buƙata don haɗakar makaman nukiliya. Na'urorin Tokamak suna amfani da filayen maganadisu don samar da zafi da kuma taƙaita babban zafin jiki na plasma. ITER shine aikin tokamak mafi girma a duniya. An kafa shi a St. Paul-lez-Durance a kudancin Faransa, ITER ita ce haɗin gwiwar haɗin gwiwar makamashi mafi girma na kasashe 35. Yana amfani da torus na zobe (ko na'urar maganadisu donut) don killace mai na fusion na dogon lokaci a isassun yanayin zafi don kunna wuta ya faru. Kamar ITER, shirin haɗin gwiwar MATAKI na United Kingdom ya dogara ne akan ƙayyadaddun maganadisu na plasma ta amfani da tokamak. Koyaya, tokamak na shirin STEP zai kasance mai siffa mai siffar zobe (maimakon ITER's donut shape). Tokamak mai siffar zobe yana da ɗanɗano, mai tsada kuma yana iya zama da sauƙin ƙima.   

Fusion Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) ita ce sauran hanya don cimma matsananciyar yanayin da ake buƙata don haɗakar makaman nukiliya. A wannan tsarin, ana haifar da matsananciyar yanayin haɗakarwa ta hanyar matsawa da sauri da dumama ƙaramin adadin man fetir. Cibiyar Ignition ta ƙasa (NIF) a Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) tana amfani da fasahar implosion mai amfani da Laser don sanya capsules cike da man deuterium-tritium ta amfani da katako mai ƙarfi na Laser. NIF kwanan nan ya nuna hujja-na-ra'ayi na wannan hanya cewa za a iya amfani da sarrafa makaman nukiliya don saduwa da bukatun makamashi.   

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References:  

1. Cibiyoyin Hefei na Kimiyyar Jiki, CAS. Labarai - "Rana na wucin gadi" na kasar Sin Ya Cimma Sabon Rikodi a cikin Muhimmiyar Mahimmanci ga Haɗin Wutar Lantarki. An buga 21 Janairu 2025. Akwai a https://english.hf.cas.cn/nr/bth/202501/t20250121_899051.html  

2. Gwajin Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). Takaitaccen Gabatarwa. Akwai a  http://east.ipp.ac.cn/index/article/info/id/52.html  

3. Zhou C., 2024. Kwatanta tsakanin EAST da ITER tokamak. Ka'idar da Kimiyyar Halitta, 43,162-167. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/43/20240818  

4. Hu, J., Xi, W., Zhang, J. et al. Duk babban aikin tokamak: EAST. AAPPS Bull. 33, 8 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43673-023-00080-9  

5. Zheng J., et al 2022. Ci gaba na baya-bayan nan a cikin binciken fusion na kasar Sin dangane da ingantaccen tsarin tokamak. Innovation. Juzu'i na 3, Fitowa ta 4, 12 Yuli 2022, 100269. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100269  

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Shafuka masu dangantaka  

1. Shirin Fusion Makamashi na Burtaniya: Ƙirar Ƙira don Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Matakan Ƙarfin Wuta da aka Bayyana (7 Satumba 2024).  

2. 'Fusion Ignition' ya nuna a karo na hudu a Laboratory Lawrence (20 Disamba 2023) 

3. Fusion Ignition ya zama Gaskiya; An Cimma Makamashi Breakeven a Laboratory Lawrence (15 Disamba 2022) 

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