Bincike na ci gaba ya nuna cewa ana iya samun nasarar rage sha'awar cocaine don ingantaccen jaraba
Masu bincike sun kawar da wani kwayar furotin da ake kira granulocyte-colony stimulating factor stimulating factor (G-CSF) wanda aka fi gani tsakanin masu amfani da cocaine (sabbi da masu amfani da su akai-akai) a cikin jininsu da kwakwalwarsu . Wannan furotin yana da alhakin shafar cibiyoyin lada na kwakwalwa kuma don haka rage wannan furotin ko "kashe shi" zai rage sha'awar masu shan cocaine. An gudanar da binciken da aka buga a cikin Nature Communications akan beraye kuma kwararrun likitoci suna ba da shawarar a matsayin matakin farko zuwa ga yiwuwar magani don taimakawa mutane su shawo kan jarabar cocaine.
Cocaine mai yawan jaraba
Cocaine magani ne mai kisa kuma yana iya haifar da mummunan sakamako ga lafiya ko ma mutuwa kwatsam kuma shine na biyu mafi yawan fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi a duniya. A duk duniya, kimanin mutane miliyan 15 - 19.3 (daidai da kashi 0.3% zuwa 0.4% na jimlar jama'a) suna amfani da cocaine aƙalla sau ɗaya a shekara. Cocaine yana da jaraba sosai domin yana da ƙarfi kuma yawanci haƙurin shan ƙwayoyi na iya samuwa a cikin allurai kaɗan tare da dogaro da miyagun ƙwayoyi cikin sauri . Cocaine yana haifar da dogaro da hankali kuma yana shafar kwakwalwa. Shaye-shayen cocaine yana haifar da lalacewar lafiyar mutum na dogon lokaci, gami da lafiyar jiki, hankali da motsin rai. Matasa (ƙasa da shekaru 25) su ne suka fi fuskantar barazanar cocaine saboda yana haifar da motsa jiki na ɗan lokaci da farin ciki kuma wannan shekarun gabaɗaya yana da babban haɗarin jaraba.
Shaye-shayen miyagun ƙwayoyi na cocaine cuta ce mai rikitarwa wadda ba wai kawai ta ƙunshi canje-canje a cikin kwakwalwar mai amfani ba, har ma da manyan canje-canje a cikin fannoni daban-daban na zamantakewa, iyali da sauran abubuwan muhalli. Maganin shaye-shayen cocaine yana da matuƙar rikitarwa domin dole ne ya magance duk waɗannan canje-canje tare da wasu matsalolin tunani da ke faruwa tare waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙarin hanyoyin magancewa na ɗabi'a ko magani. Hanyoyin gargajiya don magance shaye-shayen cocaine ko neman ɗabi'a gabaɗaya sun haɗa da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da "babu magani da aka taimaka wa magani". 'Shirye-shiryen matakai 12' a al'ada sun haɗa da ƙarfafa ƙa'idodin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam kamar ƙarfin hali, gaskiya da tausayi da kuma yin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a lokaci guda. Duk da haka, yawancin irin waɗannan hanyoyin kwantar da hankali da ɗabi'a suna fuskantar babban matakin gazawa da ƙaruwar faruwar sake dawowa. An kira wannan binciken da Dr. Drew Kiraly ya jagoranta a Makarantar Magunguna ta Icahn da ke Mount Sinai, Amurka a matsayin "abin sha'awa" da "labari" saboda wannan shine karo na farko da aka bayyana madadin shirye-shiryen daina shan ƙwayoyi na yau da kullun. Babban mataki ne a cikin sabon alkibla don sarrafawa da kawar da shaye-shayen cocaine a cikin marasa lafiya.
A novel tsarin kula da cocaine de addiction
Ana ganin furotin na G-CSF yana iya samar da sigina mai kyau a cibiyoyin lada na kwakwalwa . Masu bincike sun gano cewa lokacin da suka yi allurar wannan furotin kai tsaye a cibiyoyin lada na kwakwalwar beraye (wanda ake kira "nucleus acumbens"), an sami ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin halayen neman cocaine da kuma yawan shan cocaine a tsakanin beraye saboda an ga suna da sha'awa. Yin niyya ko kawar da G-CSF na iya zama hanya mai aminci, madadin don rage wannan jaraba. Abin sha'awa, an riga an sami magunguna masu aminci da aka gwada don kawar da G-CSF. Ana amfani da waɗannan magunguna akai-akai don haɓaka samar da ƙwayoyin jini na farin jini (ƙwayoyin yaƙi da kamuwa da cuta) bayan maganin chemotherapy yayin maganin ciwon daji tunda chemotherapy yawanci yana danne ƙwayoyin jinin farin jini. Lokacin da aka ba da waɗannan magunguna don kawar da G-CSF, beraye sun rasa duk wani kwarin gwiwa da sha'awar neman cocaine. Kamar haka wannan babban sauyi ne. Hakanan, babu wani hali na dabbar da aka canza a cikin wannan tsari, yayin da gwaje-gwaje da yawa na asibiti da aka yi a baya sun nuna yuwuwar cin zarafi mara amfani na kowane irin magani wanda aka gwada don kawar da jaraba . Wannan wani muhimmin bincike ne ga masu bincike don su iya magance jarabar cocaine ta hanyar waɗannan magunguna da aka riga aka gwada kuma FDA ta amince da su.
Shin yana yiwuwa?
Marubutan sun nuna cewa fara amfani da kowace irin sabuwar magani koyaushe yana cike da ƙalubale waɗanda suka haɗa da illolin da za a iya samu, hanyoyin isar da magani, aminci, yuwuwar amfani da kuma yuwuwar cin zarafi. Marubutan sun dage cewa da zarar an sami ƙarin haske game da fahimtar yadda wannan furotin zai iya zama mafi kyawun manufa don rage ɗabi'ar jaraba, za a sami damar fassara sakamako zuwa gwaje-gwaje tare da mahalarta ɗan adam. Ana iya amfani da irin waɗannan hanyoyin magancewa ga wasu magunguna kamar heroin, opium waɗanda suka fi araha (idan aka kwatanta da cocaine) kuma suna samuwa ga mafi yawan jama'a a ƙasashe masu ƙarancin kuɗi da matsakaici kuma ana safarar su ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. Tunda yawancin magunguna suna da irin wannan tasirin da kuma wuraren da ke haɗuwa da kwakwalwa, wannan maganin zai iya yin nasara a gare su. Kodayake a lokacin buga wannan binciken ba a fayyace lokacin da za a yi gwajin ɗan adam ba, akwai hanyoyin da aka saba amfani da su don shawo kan waɗannan ƙalubalen kuma wannan sabon yanki ne na magunguna don daina shan ƙwayoyi wanda nan ba da daɗewa ba zai zama "gaskiya". Binciken ya sa masana kimiyya su ɗan kusanci gano maganin ƙarshe na jarabar cocaine (da sauran magunguna) a cikin mutane ba tare da haifar da wasu canje-canje na ɗabi'a ko duk wani haɗarin haɓaka wasu jaraba ba.
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Source (s)
Calipari ES da sauransu. 2018. Maganin ƙarfafa ƙwayoyin halitta na granulocyte-colony yana sarrafa ƙarfin jijiyoyi da ɗabi'a don mayar da martani ga cocaine. Sadarwar Yanayi . 9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01881-x
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