Tsibiran aman wuta na Galápagos, waɗanda ke da nisan mil 600 a yammacin gabar tekun Ecuador a Tekun Pacific, an san su da kyawawan halittu da kuma nau'ikan dabbobi da ke rayuwa a yankin. Wannan ya ƙarfafa ka'idar Darwin game da juyin halittar nau'ikan halittu. An san cewa hauhawar ruwa mai zurfi mai wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki zuwa saman yana tallafawa haɓakar phytoplankton wanda ke taimakawa ga ci gaban yanayin halittu masu wadata na Galápagos da kuma dorewa. Amma abin da iko da tantance yadda ruwa mai zurfi ke kwarara zuwa saman ba a san shi ba tukuna. A cewar sabon binciken, guguwar da iskar arewa ta yankin ke haifarwa a gefen teku na sama tana haifar da ƙaruwar ruwa mai zurfi zuwa saman.
Tsibirin Galápagos da ke Ecuador abin mamaki ne saboda wadataccen nau'ikan halittu na musamman. Wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na Galapagos ya mamaye kashi 97% na faɗin tsibirin kuma ruwan da ke kewaye da tsibiran an sanya masa suna 'Marine Biosphere Reserve' ta UNESCO. Tsuntsayen teku masu launuka iri-iri , penguins, iguanas na ruwa, kunkuru na teku masu iyo, manyan kunkuru, nau'ikan kifayen ruwa da molluscs, kuma kunkuru masu ban sha'awa na tsibiran wasu nau'ikan dabbobi ne na musamman da ke cikin tsibirin.
Galápagos wuri ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci a fannin halittu. Ya shahara a duk duniya saboda alaƙarsa da ka'idar juyin halitta ta hanyar zaɓin yanayi . Masanin kimiyyar halittu na Birtaniya, Charles Darwin ya ziyarci tsibiran tun a shekarar 1835 yayin da yake kan tafiya a kan HMS Beagle. Nau'in dabbobi da ke zaune a tsibiran ya zaburar da shi ya yi tunanin ka'idar asalin nau'ikan halittu ta hanyar zaɓin yanayi. Darwin ya lura cewa tsibiran sun bambanta dangane da yanayin jiki da yanayin ƙasa kamar ingancin ƙasa da ruwan sama. Haka nan tsire-tsire da nau'in dabbobi a tsibiran daban-daban. Abin mamaki, siffofin harsashin manyan kunkuru sun bambanta a tsibiran daban-daban - a wani tsibiri harsashin yana da siffar sirdi yayin da a ɗayan kuma harsashin yana da siffar kumfa. Wannan lura ya sa ya yi tunanin yadda sabbin nau'ikan halittu za su iya kasancewa a wurare daban-daban a cikin lokaci. Tare da buga ka'idar Darwin ta Asalin Nau'ikan halittu a shekarar 1859, bambancin halittu na tsibiran Galápagos ya zama sananne a duk duniya.
Ganin cewa tsibiran asalinsu aman wuta ne, kuma suna da matsakaicin ruwan sama da ciyayi, ɗaya daga cikin batutuwan shine a bayyana hanyar hulɗar abubuwan da ke tallafawa da kuma ci gaba da irin wannan yanayi mai wadata wanda ya ƙunshi wuraren namun daji na musamman. Wannan fahimtar tana da mahimmanci don tantancewa da rage raunin da tsibiran ke da shi ga yanayin muhalli na yanzu kamar sauyin yanayi.
An san shi na ɗan lokaci cewa tasowa (haɓaka) na ruwa mai zurfi mai gina jiki zuwa saman tekun da ke kewaye da tsibiran yana tallafawa ci gaban phytoplankton (kwayoyin kwayoyin photoynthetic microscopic guda daya kamar algae) wanda ya zama tushen abinci. gidajen yanar gizo na muhallin gida. Kyakkyawan tushe na phytoplankton yana nufin halittun da ke gaba a cikin sarkar abinci suna bunƙasa da bunƙasa. Amma waɗanne abubuwa ne ke ƙayyade da kuma sarrafa hawan ruwa mai zurfi zuwa saman? Bisa ga sabon bincike, iskar yankin arewa na taka muhimmiyar rawa.
Dangane da samfurin zagayawar teku na yanki, an gano cewa iskar arewa ta gida a gefen teku na sama tana haifar da wani yanayi mai ƙarfi wanda ke ƙayyade ƙarfin kwararar ruwa mai zurfi zuwa saman. Wannan hulɗar yanayi da teku ta gida ita ce ginshiƙin wadatar da yanayin Galápagos . Duk wani kimantawa da rage raunin yanayin ya kamata ya haɗa da wannan tsari.
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Sources:
- Forryan, A., Naveira Garabato, AC, Vic, C. et al. Galápagos yana haɓaka ta hanyar ma'amalar iska-na gaba. Rahoton Kimiyya Juzu'i na 11, Lambar Labari: 1277 (2021). An buga 14 Janairu 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80609-2
- Jami'ar Southampton, 2021. Labarai -Masana kimiyya sun gano sirrin wadataccen yanayin yanayin Galápagos Akwai kan layi a https://www.southampton.ac.uk/news/2021/01/galapagos-secrets-ecosystem.page . An shiga cikin 15 Janairu 2021.
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