Nazarin Andromeda na Vera Rubin ya haɓaka iliminmu game da taurari, ya haifar da gano abubuwan duhu da canza fahimtar sararin samaniya. Don tunawa da wannan, NASA ta fitar da wasu sabbin hotuna na Andromeda ko M31 galaxy don girmamawa ga gadonta.
Suna cikin rukunin gida (LG) wanda ya ƙunshi taurari sama da 80, Andromeda galaxy (wanda kuma aka sani da Messier 31 ko M 31) da gidanmu galaxy Milky Way (MW) manyan taurarin taurari ne masu karkace da nisa na shekaru miliyan 2.5 haske. Su kawai karkatattun taurarin da ake iya gani ga ido tsirara saboda haka sun kasance masu sha'awa ta musamman ga masana ilmin taurari. Kasancewa a cikin Milky Way yana da wahala a bincika shi don haka masana taurari sun dogara ga Andromeda shima don nazarin tsari da juyin halittar mu. gida galaxy.
A cikin 1960s, masanin falaki Vera Rubin yayi nazarin Andromeda da sauran taurari. Ta lura cewa taurarin da ke gefen waje na taurarin suna jujjuyawa da sauri kamar saurin taurarin zuwa tsakiya. A irin wannan yanayi, ya kamata galaxy ya tashi don jimlar duk abubuwan da aka lura, amma ba haka lamarin yake ba. Wannan yana nufin dole ne a sami wasu ƙarin abubuwa marasa ganuwa waɗanda ke haɗa taurarin tare kuma su sa su jujjuya cikin irin wannan babban gudu. Al'amarin da ba a iya gani an kira shi "dark matter." Ma'auni na Vera Rubin na jujjuyawa na Andromeda ya ba da shaidar farko na kwayoyin duhu kuma sun tsara tsarin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi na gaba.
Nazarin Andromeda na Vera Rubin ya haɓaka iliminmu game da taurari, ya haifar da gano abubuwan duhu da canza fahimtar sararin samaniya. Don tunawa da wannan, NASA ta fitar da sabbin hotuna da yawa na Andromeda ko M31 galaxy don girmamawa ga gadon Vera. Hoton da aka haɗe ya ƙunshi bayanai na tauraron dan adam da na'urorin hangen nesa daban-daban ke ɗauka a cikin nau'ikan haske daban-daban.
X-ray: NASA/CXO/UMass/Z. Li & QD Wang, ESA/XMM-Newton; Infrared: NASA/JPL-Caltech/WISE, Spitzer, NASA/JPL-Caltech/K. Gordon (U. Az), ESA/Herschel, ESA/Planck, NASA/IRAS, NASA/COBE; Rediyo: NSF/GBT/WSRT/IRAM/C. Clark (STSCI); Ultraviolet: NASA/JPL-Caltech/GALEX; Na gani: Andromeda, Ba zato © Marcel Drechsler, Xavier Strottner, Yann Sainty & J. Sahner, T. Kottary. Haɗin hoto mai haɗawa: L. Frattare, K. Arcand, J.Major
A cikin hotunan bakan daban-daban, Andromeda yana bayyana ɗan lebur, kamar duk taurarin taurarin da ake kallo a wannan nesa da kusurwa. Hannun sa masu jujjuyawa suna da'ira a kusa da cibiya mai haske, suna ƙirƙirar sifar diski. A cikin kowane hoto, wannan kusancin galactic dangi zuwa Milky Way yana da kamanni da tsari, amma launuka da cikakkun bayanai sun bambanta sosai waɗanda ke bayyana sabbin bayanai. A yawancin hotuna, shimfidar sararin samaniyar taurari tana karkata zuwa fuskantar hagunmu na sama.
| Bakan guda ɗaya images | An bayyana fasali na M31 | Bayanan bayanai |
| Harkokin X | Babu makamai masu karkace a cikin hoton X-ray. Hasken makamashi mai ƙarfi da ake gani a kusa da babban rami mai girma a tsakiyar M31 da sauran ƙananan abubuwa masu yawa da yawa waɗanda ke bazuwa a cikin galaxy. | Chandra na NASA da ESA's XMM-Newton Space X-ray Observatories. (wakilta cikin ja, kore, da shuɗi) |
| Ultraviolet (UV) | Hannun da ke jujjuyawar suna bayyana launin shuɗi da fari, tare da farin ƙwallo mai hatsabibi a gindi. | NASA's GALEX mai ritaya (blue) |
| Tantancewar | Hoto mai haske da launin toka, makamai masu jujjuyawa suna bayyana kamar zoben hayaƙi da suka shuɗe. Baƙin sararin samaniya yana cike da ɗigon haske, kuma ƙaramar ɗigo mai haske tana haskakawa a tsakiyar tauraron. | Na'urar hangen nesa ta ƙasa (Jakob Sahner da Tarun Kottary) |
| Infrared (IR) | Farar zobe mai jujjuyawa yana kewaye cibiyar shuɗi mai ɗan ƙaramin gwal mai launin zinari, hannun waje na wuta. | NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope mai ritaya, Tauraron Dan Adam na Infrared Astronomy, COBE, Planck, da Herschel (ja, orange, da shunayya) |
| Radio | Hannun da ke jujjuyawa suna bayyana ja da lemu, kamar igiya mai zafi, mai sassaƙaƙƙen naɗe. Cibiyar ta bayyana baƙar fata, ba tare da ainihin abin da za a iya ganewa ba. | Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (ja-orange) |
A cikin hoton da aka haɗe, makamai masu jujjuyawa sune launin jan giya kusa da gefuna na waje, da lavender kusa da tsakiya. Jigon yana da girma kuma mai haske, kewaye da gungu na shuɗi mai haske da koren ɗigo. Sauran ƴan ƙanana masu launuka iri-iri suna nuna alamar taurari, da baƙar sararin samaniya da ke kewaye da shi.
Wannan tarin yana taimaka wa masanan taurari su fahimci juyin halitta na Milky Way, karkatacciyar galaxy da muke rayuwa a ciki.
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Sources:
- Labarin Hoton NASA – Chandra na NASA Ya Raba Sabon Ra'ayin Makwabcin Mu Galactic. An buga 25 Yuni 2025. Akwai a https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/nasas-chandra-shares-a-new-view-of-our-galactic-neighbor/
- Rubin Observatory. Wanene Vera Rubin? Akwai a https://rubinobservatory.org/about/vera-rubin
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