Nazarin ya nuna yadda fasahar wayar salula da ake da ita, a cikin Haɗuwa da Na'urorin Bincike na Intanet, za a iya amfani da su don tsinkaya da sarrafa cututtuka masu yaduwa da marasa kamuwa da cuta.
Bukatar da shaharar wayoyin komai da ruwanka na karuwa a duk duniya domin hanya ce mai kyau ta haɗi. Ana amfani da wayoyin komai da ruwanka don kowane ƙaramin aiki mai mahimmanci a kowace rana yayin da duniya ke ɗaukar su ta hanya mai ban sha'awa. Tunda ana amfani da wayoyin komai da ruwanka a kowane fanni na rayuwarmu, a bayyane yake cewa zai zama mahimmanci a tsarin kiwon lafiya a nan gaba. 'mHealth', amfani da na'urorin hannu ga kiwon lafiya abin alhaki ne kuma an riga an yi amfani da wayoyin komai da ruwanka don inganta damar majiyyaci ga samun shawara, bayanai da magani.
Kamfen SMS don ciwon sukari
Wani bincike da aka buga a mujallar BMJ Innovations ya kimanta tasirin kamfen ɗin wayar da kan jama'a na SMS (Short Message Service) ga masu ciwon suga. Shirin 'Be He@lthy, Be Mobile' ya fara ne a shekarar 2012, wanda aka yi niyya don haɓaka, kafawa da haɓaka rigakafi da kula da cututtuka ta amfani da wayoyin hannu. Tun daga lokacin an ƙaddamar da shi a ƙasashe 10 a duk duniya. A cikin wannan gwajin, kamfen ɗin wayar da kan jama'a na yau da kullun wanda ya mayar da hankali kan mutanen da suka yi rajista don shirin 'mDiabete' kyauta da son rai. Shiga cikin wannan shirin ya ƙaru sosai daga 2014 zuwa 2017. A cikin wannan binciken da aka gudanar a Senegal, mahalarta sun sami jerin saƙonnin SMS a cikin watanni 3 waɗanda suka amsa da ɗayan zaɓuɓɓuka uku - 'masu sha'awar ciwon suga', 'masu ciwon suga' ko 'aiki a matsayin ƙwararren likita'. An tantance ingancin kamfen ɗin SMS ta hanyar kwatanta cibiyoyi biyu - ɗaya wacce ta karɓi kamfen ɗin da ta biyu wacce ba ta karɓa ba - wacce aka yiwa alama a matsayin cibiyar S da cibiyar P bi da bi. Tare da kulawar ciwon suga ta yau da kullun an ba da ita a cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya.
An aika saƙonnin SMS zuwa cibiyar S daga watanni 0 zuwa 3 da kuma zuwa cibiyar P daga wata 3 zuwa 6, kuma an auna HbA1c a waɗannan cibiyoyin biyu ta amfani da gwaje-gwaje iri ɗaya. Gwajin HbA1c, wanda ake kira haemoglobin A1c, gwaji ne mai mahimmanci na jini wanda ke nuna yadda ake sarrafa ciwon suga a cikin majiyyaci. Sakamakon ya nuna babban bambanci tsakanin canji a cikin HbA1c daga watanni 1 zuwa 3 na kamfen ɗin kuma HbA1c ya ci gaba da bunƙasa a cibiyoyin S da P daga wata 3 zuwa 6. Sauyin Hb1Ac daga wata 0 zuwa 3 ya fi kyau a cibiyar S idan aka kwatanta da P. Don haka, ta hanyar aika saƙonnin ilmantarwa game da ciwon suga ta hanyar SMS, an sami ci gaba a cikin sarrafa glycemic a cikin marasa lafiya da ciwon suga na nau'in 2. Ana ganin wannan tasirin a cibiyoyin biyu akai-akai kuma har ma ya inganta a cikin watanni 3 bayan an dakatar da SMS.
Hanyar SMS na da kima ga masu karamin karfi da tsaka-tsaki na kasashe masu karamin karfi inda in ba haka ba yana da kalubale wajen samar da bayanai da karfafa gwiwa ga masu fama da ciwon sukari saboda jahilci babban matsala ne. Hanyar SMS kuma tana da tsada don ilimin warkewa saboda SMS ɗaya yana kashe GBP 0.05 kawai a Senegal kuma yaƙin neman zaɓe yana kashe GBP 2.5 akan kowane mutum. Saƙon rubutu na iya zama da amfani inda kayan aikin likita ba su da yawa kuma sauƙaƙe mu'amala mai amfani tsakanin masu ciwon sukari da ma'aikatan lafiya na iya rage haɗarin rikice-rikice masu alaƙa da ciwon sukari.
Fasahar wayowin komai da ruwanka don kamuwa da cututtuka a yankin kudu da hamadar sahara
Wani bita na 2 da aka buga a cikin mujallar Nature wanda Imperial College London ta jagoranta ya nuna yadda ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya a ƙasashe masu ƙarancin kuɗi, misali a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara, za su iya amfani da wayoyin komai da ruwanka don gano cututtuka, bin diddigin su da kuma shawo kansu. Ko a irin waɗannan ƙasashe, amfani da wayoyin komai da ruwanka yana ƙaruwa kuma ya kai kashi 51 cikin ɗari a ƙarshen 2016. Marubuta sun yi niyyar fahimtar yadda za a iya amfani da fasahar wayoyin komai da ruwanka yadda ya kamata don kiwon lafiya a yankunan karkara waɗanda ba su da isassun asibitoci. Wayoyin komai da ruwanka na iya taimaka wa mutane su yi gwaji, su sami sakamakon gwajin su kuma su sami tallafi a gidajensu maimakon cibiyar lafiya. Irin wannan tsari yana sa mutane su ji daɗi su kula da lafiyarsu musamman a yankunan karkara masu nisa waɗanda ke nesa da asibitoci. Ana ɗaukar cututtukan da ke yaɗuwa kamar HIV/AIDS a matsayin abin ƙyama a cikin al'ummomi da yawa a ƙasashe masu ƙarancin kuɗi don haka mutane suna jin kunyar halartar asibitin gwamnati don a yi musu gwaji.
Fasahar wayar hannu da aka kafa kamar SMS da kira na iya haɗa marasa lafiya kai tsaye zuwa ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya. Wayoyin hannu da yawa suna da na'urori masu auna sigina waɗanda zasu iya taimakawa wajen gano cutar, kamar na'urar auna bugun zuciya. Wayar hannu kuma tana da kyamara da makirufo (ta hanyar lasifika) wanda za'a iya amfani da shi don nazarin hotuna da sautuka kamar numfashi. Ana iya haɗa fasahar gwaji mai sauƙi zuwa wayoyin komai da ruwanka ta amfani da kebul ko ta hanyar mara waya. Mutum zai iya ɗaukar samfurin cikin sauƙi - misali ta hanyar amfani da pinprick don jini - za a duba sakamakon ta amfani da manhajojin wayar hannu sannan a aika zuwa asibitoci na gida don a loda shi zuwa babban rumbun bayanai na kan layi daga inda mara lafiya zai iya samun damar shiga ta daga wayar salula maimakon ziyartar asibitin. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya yin alƙawarin bin diddigin ta hanyar amfani da wayoyin komai da ruwanka. Ta amfani da wannan hanyar madadin, ƙimar gwajin cututtuka na iya ƙaruwa kuma tare da kayan aikin da ake da su kawai. Babban rumbun adana bayanai yana ɗaukar sakamakon gwaji daga wani yanki na iya ba mu cikakkun bayanai game da alamun da ke faruwa waɗanda zasu iya taimakawa wajen ƙirƙirar mafi kyawun jiyya. Hakanan yana iya yi mana gargaɗi game da duk wani barkewar cutar nan gaba.
Hanyar tana da ƙalubale kamar yadda marubutan suka bayyana cewa rungumar ci gaban fasaha na iya inganta damar yin gwaji amma kusan kashi 35 cikin ɗari na al'ummar duniya ba su da damar yin amfani da wayar hannu. Hakanan, aminci da tsafta na iya samun matsala a gidan majiyyaci idan aka kwatanta da mahalli mara kyau na asibitin da ƙwararren ma'aikacin lafiya ke yin aikin. A cikin gina ma'ajin bayanai na sirrin bayanan majiyyaci da sirrin bayanan zai kasance da matuƙar mahimmanci. Jama'ar yankunan karkara da farko suna bukatar samun kwarin gwiwa kuma bangaskiya ita ce fasahar da za ta iya motsa su su amince da ita don bukatunsu na kiwon lafiya.
Wadannan nazarin guda biyu sun gabatar da sababbin hanyoyin bunkasa dabarun kula da lafiya na wayar hannu da kayan aikin da za su iya magance kalubalen da ake fuskanta a cikin ƙananan ƙananan kuɗi da masu shiga tsakani.
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Source (s)
1. Wargny M et al. 2019. SMS-tushen tsoma baki a cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2: gwaji na asibiti a Senegal. Karatun BMJ. 4 (3). https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjinnov-2018-000278
2. Wood CS et al. 2019. Ɗaukar haɗin haɗin wayar hannu-lafiya bincike na cututtuka masu yaduwa zuwa filin. Nature. 566. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-0956-2
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