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Shirin Fusion Makamashi na Burtaniya: Ƙirar Ƙira don Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Matakan Ƙarfin Wuta da aka Bayyana 

Tsarin samar da makamashi na Fusion na Burtaniya ya ɗauki tsari tare da sanarwar shirin STEP (Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production) a cikin 2019. Sashinsa na farko (2019-2024) ya ƙare tare da sakin ƙirar ra'ayi don haɗaɗɗen ƙirar ƙirar wutar lantarki. Zai dogara ne akan amfani da filin maganadisu don killace plasma ta amfani da injin tokamak duk da haka MATSAYIN UK zai yi amfani da tokamak mai siffa maimakon donut ɗin gargajiya da ake amfani da shi a ITER. Ana tsammanin tokamak mai siffar zobe yana da fa'idodi da yawa. Za a gina ginin a Nottinghamshire kuma ana sa ran zai fara aiki a farkon 2040s.  

Bukatar tushen tushen makamashi mai tsafta don saduwa da buƙatun makamashi na haɓakar yawan jama'a da tattalin arzikin duniya wanda zai iya taimakawa cikin sauri don fuskantar ƙalubale (wanda ya haifar da ƙarancin mai, hayaƙin carbon da sauyin yanayi, haɗarin muhalli da ke da alaƙa da ma'aunin fission na nukiliya, da matalauta. scalability na sabuntawar kafofin) ba a taɓa jin zafi sosai fiye da na yanzu ba.  

A dabi'a, haɗakar makaman nukiliya tana iko da taurari ciki har da rana tamu wacce ke faruwa a cikin tsakiyar taurari inda yanayin haɗuwa (wato matsanancin zafi a cikin kewayon ɗaruruwan digiri centigrade da matsa lamba) ya yi rinjaye. Ikon ƙirƙirar yanayin haɗakarwa mai sarrafawa akan ƙasa shine maɓalli ga makamashi mai tsabta mara iyaka. Wannan ya haɗa da gina yanayin haɗuwa tare da matsanancin zafin jiki don haifar da haɗuwa mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, wanda ke da isasshen ƙwayar plasma don ƙara yuwuwar karo kuma hakan na iya taƙaita plasma na ɗan lokaci kaɗan don ba da damar haɗuwa. Babu shakka, ababen more rayuwa da fasaha don tsarewa da sarrafa plasma mai zafi shine mabuɗin abin da ake buƙata don cin gajiyar kasuwanci na makamashin haɗaka. Ana binciko hanyoyi daban-daban kuma ana amfani da su a duk faɗin duniya don kullewar plasma zuwa kasuwancin haɓakar makamashi.   

Fusion Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) 

A cikin tsarin haɗaɗɗen inertial fusion, ana ƙirƙira yanayin haɗuwa ta hanyar matsawa da sauri da dumama ƙaramin adadin man fetur. Cibiyar Ignition ta ƙasa (NIF) a Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) tana amfani da fasahar implosion mai amfani da Laser don sanya capsules cike da man deuterium-tritium ta amfani da katako mai ƙarfi na Laser. NIF ta sami wutar lantarki ta farko a cikin Disamba 2022. Bayan haka, an nuna wutar lantarki a lokuta uku a cikin 2023 wanda ya tabbatar da hujjar cewa za a iya amfani da haɗakar makaman nukiliya don biyan bukatun makamashi.  

Magnetic tsare tsarin plasma  

Ana gwada amfani da maganadisu don tsarewa da sarrafa plasma don haɗuwa a wurare da yawa. IITER, mafi girman buri na haɗin gwiwar makamashi na fusion na kasashe 35 da ke St. Paul-lez-Durance a kudancin Faransa yana amfani da na'urar zobe (ko donut Magnetic na'urar) da ake kira tokamak wanda aka ƙera don tsare man fetur na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi mai yawa. fusion ƙonewa faruwa. Babban ra'ayi na tsare-tsare na plasma don tsire-tsire masu wutar lantarki, tokamaks na iya ci gaba da ɗaukar halayen haɗin gwiwa muddin akwai kwanciyar hankali na plasma. ITER's tokamak zai zama mafi girma a duniya.   

Matakan Burtaniya (Spherical Tokamak don Samar da Makamashi) Shirin Fusion: 

Kamar ITER, shirin haɗin gwiwar MATAKI na United Kingdom ya dogara ne akan ƙayyadaddun maganadisu na plasma ta amfani da tokamak. Koyaya, tokamak na shirin STEP zai kasance mai siffa mai siffar zobe (maimakon ITER's donut shape). Tokamak mai siffar zobe yana da ɗanɗano, mai tsada kuma yana iya zama da sauƙin ƙima.  

An sanar da shirin STEP a cikin 2019. Kashi na farko (2019-2024) ya zo ƙarshe tare da sakin ƙirar ra'ayi don haɗaɗɗen ƙirar ƙirar wutar lantarki.  

Wani jigo na Ma'amalolin Falsafa A na Royal Society, mai taken "Isar da Makamashi Fusion - Tokamak na Spherical don Samar da Makamashi (STEP)” wanda ya kunshi kasidu 15 da aka yi bitar takwarorinsu an buga su ne a ranar 26 ga Agusta 2024 wadanda ke dalla-dalla ci gaban fasaha na shirin tsarawa da gina masana'antar samfurin farko ta Burtaniya don samar da wutar lantarki daga hadewa. Takardun suna ɗaukar cikakken hoto na ƙira da fayyace fasahohin da ake buƙata da haɗin kai cikin shukar samfur nan da farkon 2040s.  

Shirin STEP yana da nufin share fage na kasuwanci na haɗin gwiwa ta hanyar nuna makamashi mai ƙarfi, wadatar mai da kuma hanyar da za ta iya kula da shuka. Yana ɗaukar cikakkiyar hanya don isar da ingantaccen masana'anta mai aiki wanda kuma ke ɗaukar yankewa azaman ɓangare na ƙira. 

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References:  

  1. Gwamnatin Burtaniya. Sakin manema labarai - Burtaniya ta jagoranci duniya a cikin ƙirar wutar lantarki ta Fusion. An buga 03 Satumba 2024. Akwai a https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-leading-the-world-in-fusion-powerplant-design  
  1. Isar da Makamashin Fusion – The Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP). Buga taken Royal Society na Ma'amalolin Falsafa A,. Duk labarai guda 15 da aka yi bita a cikin jigon jigon da aka buga a ranar 26 ga Agusta 2024. Akwai a https://royalsocietypublishing.org/toc/rsta/2024/382/2280  
  1. Masu bincike na Burtaniya sun bayyana hangen nesa na ƙira don masana'antar wutar lantarki ta zamani. Kimiyya. 4 Satumba 2024. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1126/science.zvexp8a 

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Shafuka masu dangantaka  

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Umesh Prasad
Umesh Prasad
Jaridar Kimiyya | Editan kafa, mujallar Scientific Turai

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