Bincike ya nuna cewa ana iya samun mafita mai sauƙi kuma mai araha ta hanyar ɗaukar carbon dioxide kai tsaye daga iska da kuma magance tasirin carbon a jiki.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) babban iskar gas ce mai dumama yanayi kuma babbar hanyar kawo sauyin yanayi. Iskar gas mai dumama yanayi a cikin yanayi tana iya shan hasken infrared. Ta wannan tarko, tana kamawa da riƙe zafi da ƙaruwa a cikin wannan zafin yana haifar da tasirin greenhouse wanda a ƙarshe ke haifar da ɗumamar yanayi. Saboda haka, tsotsar CO2 kai tsaye daga iska yana da yuwuwar taimakawa wajen rage sauyin yanayi. Idan wannan CO2 da aka kama ya sake fitowa cikin iska (misali lokacin da aka ƙone fetur), babu wani sabon iskar greenhouse da ake ƙarawa cikin yanayi. Ainihin, sake amfani da hayakin greenhouse yana faruwa yadda ya kamata.
Kai tsaye kama carbon dioxide
A cikin wani bincike da aka buga a Joule , ana iya sarrafa carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) wanda ake samarwa ta hanyar kamawa kai tsaye daga iska don cire carbon. Wannan zai iya ba mu damar samar da hydrocarbons marasa carbon waɗanda sune mafi kyawun madadin hanyoyin da ba su da carbon waɗanda ake amfani da su a halin yanzu kamar hasken rana ko iska. Wani kamfani na Kanada mai suna Carbon Engineering, wani kamfani mai kamawa da mai mai tsabta na CO2 ya yi aiki tare da Jami'ar Harvard don cimma wannan. Farfesa David Keith ne ya kafa kamfanin wanda kuma farfesa ne a fannin kimiyyar lissafi a Jami'ar Harvard.
Tunanin fasahar kama iska kai tsaye yana da sauki sosai. Ana amfani da manyan magoya baya don zana iska na yanayi zuwa lamba tare da maganin ruwa wanda ke shayar da CO2 daga iska, mai rahusa kuma kai tsaye sannan ya kama shi. Wannan carbon dioxide sai ya makale a cikin ruwa. Yin amfani da dumama da wasu halayen sinadarai ana sake fitar da wannan carbon dioxide (ko kuma an raba shi da ruwa). A ƙarshe, an shirya carbon dioxide don ƙarin amfani. Misali, an haxa shi da hydrogen don mayar da wannan abu gaba ɗaya ya zama makamashi mai ƙonewa kamar mai. Manufar ƙarshe ita ce amfani da wannan carbon azaman tushen samar da sinadarai masu mahimmanci kamar mai.
Injiniyan Carbon ya cimma nasarar kamawa da samar da mai ta hanyar amfani da CO2. Manufar kamawa kai tsaye ta daɗe tana nan. Amma wannan shine karo na farko da aka aiwatar da wani bincike na gwaji kan yadda za a iya daidaita iska da kuma amfani da ita. Ta amfani da kayan aikin masana'antu na yau da kullun, masana'antun wannan kamfani suna da ikon kera ganga 2,000 na mai a rana, wanda zai iya kaiwa galan miliyan 30 a kowace shekara a cikin masana'antunsu. Farfesa Keith ya yi iƙirarin cewa kamawa kai tsaye zai kashe kimanin dala $94-$232 a kowace tan na carbon dioxide da aka kama, wanda hakan ya dace. Wannan farashin ya yi ƙasa idan aka kwatanta da ƙimar da aka saita a dala $1000 a kowace tan a cikin nazarin ka'idoji da ƙungiyoyin bincike daban-daban suka gudanar. A wannan ƙaramin farashin $94-$232 a kowace tan, kamawa kai tsaye zai iya ɗaukar kusan kashi 20% na hayakin carbon a duniya cikin sauƙi. Waɗannan hayakin sun samo asali ne daga buƙatun tashi, tuƙi da sufuri a duk duniya. Man fetur da aka shirya daga wannan hanyar kama iska kai tsaye sun dace da rarraba mai da ake da shi da kuma nau'in sufuri da ake amfani da shi. Fasahar za ta ci gaba da kasancewa iri ɗaya amma za a daidaita hanyar da ta fi inganci da kuma dacewa da muhalli don isar da wannan fasaha.
Masu bincike sun bayyana cewa an cimma waɗannan sakamakon bayan shekaru da dama na aikin injiniya da nazarin farashi. Suna da kyakkyawan fata da kwarin gwiwa cewa wannan fasaha tana da amfani, mai ginawa kuma mai iya daidaitawa don samar da mai mara gurɓataccen iskar carbon nan gaba kaɗan. Tana iya taimakawa wajen rage tasirin iskar carbon kuma akwai yuwuwar ma cire iskar carbon gaba ɗaya a cikin dogon lokaci. Suna da niyyar kammala cikakken binciken a kan babban sikelin masana'antu nan da shekarar 2021. Binciken ya buɗe yiwuwar daidaita yanayi a farashi mai araha da amfani ba tare da canza tsarin makamashi ba (misali sufuri).
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Source (s)
Keith da sauransu. 2018. Tsarin kama CO2 daga sararin samaniya. Joule . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.05.006
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