An ƙera jirgin sama wanda ba zai dogara da mai ko baturi ba saboda ba zai sami wani ɓangaren motsi ba.
Tun lokacin da aka gano jirgin sama fiye da shekaru 100 da suka wuce, kowane yawo inji ko jirgin sama a sararin sama yana amfani da sassa masu motsi kamar su propellers, injin jet, ruwan injin turbine, fanfo da sauransu waɗanda ke samun wuta daga konewar mai ko ta hanyar amfani da baturi wanda zai iya haifar da irin wannan sakamako.
Bayan dogon bincike na kusan shekaru goma, masana kimiyyar sararin samaniya a MIT sun kera tare da tashi a karon farko jirgin da ba shi da sassa masu motsi. Hanyar motsa jiki da ake amfani da ita a cikin wannan jirgin yana dogara ne akan babban motsi na electroaerodynamic kuma ana kiransa 'ion wind' ko ion propulsion. Don haka, a madadin injiniyoyi ko injina ko injunan jet da ake amfani da su a cikin jiragen sama na al'ada, wannan na'ura ta musamman da haske tana aiki da 'ionic wind'. Ana iya samar da 'iska' ta hanyar wucewa mai ƙarfi na wutar lantarki tsakanin sirara mai kauri da kauri (da ƙarfin batir lithium ion) wanda ke haifar da ionizing na iskar gas ta haka yana samar da barbashi masu caji da sauri da ake kira ions. Iskar ionic ko kwararar ions ta fasa cikin kwayoyin iska ta kuma tura su baya, yana baiwa jirgin yunƙurin ci gaba. Hanyar iskar ya dogara da tsarin na'urorin lantarki.
An riga an yi amfani da fasahar motsa ion ta NASA a cikin sararin samaniya don tauraron dan adam da jiragen sama. A cikin wannan yanayin tun da sararin samaniya ba shi da hazaka, babu wani rikici don haka yana da sauƙin tuƙi jirgin don ci gaba kuma a hankali saurinsa yana ƙaruwa. Amma game da jiragen sama a duniya an fahimci cewa namu duniya yanayi yana da yawa sosai don samun ions don tuka jirgin sama sama da ƙasa. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da aka yi ƙoƙarin yin amfani da fasahar ion don tashi jiragen sama a kan mu duniya. Ya kasance mai wahala. na farko saboda kawai ana buƙatar tuƙi don ci gaba da tashi da injin kuma na biyu, jirgin zai shawo kan ja daga juriya zuwa iska. Ana aika da iskar baya wanda sannan ya tura jirgin gaba. Bambanci mai mahimmanci tare da amfani da fasahar ion iri ɗaya a cikin sararin samaniya shine cewa iskar gas yana buƙatar ɗaukar sararin samaniya wanda za a sanya shi a cikin sararin samaniya saboda sararin samaniya ya kasance maras kyau yayin da jirgin sama a sararin samaniya yana ioning nitrogen daga iska mai iska.
Tawagar ta yi wasan kwaikwayo da yawa sannan ta yi nasarar kera wani jirgin sama mai tsawon mitoci biyar da nauyin kilogiram 2.45. Don samar da wutar lantarki, saitin na'urorin lantarki an lika su a ƙarƙashin fikafikan jirgin. Waɗannan sun ƙunshi ingantattun wayoyi na bakin ƙarfe da aka caje a gaban wani yanki mara kyau na kumfa wanda aka lulluɓe cikin aluminium. Ana iya kashe waɗannan na'urori masu caji sosai ta hanyar sarrafawa ta ramut don aminci.
An gwada jirgin a cikin dakin motsa jiki ta hanyar harba shi ta hanyar amfani da bungee. Bayan yunƙurin da ba a yi nasara ba, wannan jirgin zai iya motsa kansa ya ci gaba da tashi. A lokacin gwaje-gwaje 10, jirgin sama ya iya tashi har zuwa tsayin mita 60 ban da kowane nauyin matukin jirgi na ɗan adam. Marubuta suna neman haɓaka haɓakar ƙirar su kuma suna samar da iskar ionic yayin amfani da ƙarancin wutar lantarki. Nasarar irin wannan ƙirar yana buƙatar gwadawa ta hanyar haɓaka fasahar kuma hakan na iya zama babban aiki. Babban kalubalen zai kasance idan girman da nauyin jirgin ya karu kuma ya mamaye yanki mafi girma fiye da fuka-fukansa, jirgin yana buƙatar tuƙi mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi don tsayawa. Ana iya binciko fasahohi daban-daban misali samar da batura mafi inganci ko kuma ta yiwu ta amfani da hasken rana watau nemo sabbin hanyoyin samar da ions. Wannan jirgin sama yana amfani da ƙira ta al'ada don jiragen sama amma yana iya yiwuwa a gwada wani ƙira wanda na'urorin lantarki zasu iya siffanta alkiblar ionizing ko wani ƙirar sabon labari za'a iya fahimta.
Fasahar da aka bayyana a cikin binciken na yanzu na iya zama cikakke ga jirage marasa matuka ko kuma jiragen sama masu sauki saboda jiragen da ake amfani da su a halin yanzu babban tushen gurbatar hayaniya ne. A cikin wannan sabuwar fasaha, motsin shiru yana haifar da ƙwazo sosai a cikin tsarin motsa jiki wanda zai iya motsa jirgin sama a kan jirgin da ya dace. Wannan na musamman! Irin wannan jirgin ba zai buƙaci burbushin mai don tashi ba don haka ba zai sami gurɓataccen gurɓataccen iska ba kai tsaye. Hakanan, idan aka kwatanta da injunan tashi da ke amfani da propellers da sauransu wannan shiru ne. An buga binciken novel a ciki Nature.
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{Zaku iya karanta ainihin takardar bincike ta danna hanyar haɗin DOI da aka bayar a ƙasa a cikin jerin tushen(s) da aka ambata}}
Source (s)
Xu H et al. 2018. Jirgin jirgin sama mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. Yanayi. 563(7732). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0707-9
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