Masana kimiyya sun ƙirƙiro wani dandamali na buga ƙwayoyin halitta na 3D wanda ke haɗa ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi na ɗan adam masu aiki . Kwayoyin halittar da ke cikin kyallen da aka buga suna girma don samar da da'irorin jijiyoyi da kuma yin haɗin gwiwa da sauran ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi ta hanyar kwaikwayon kyallen kwakwalwa na halitta . Wannan babban ci gaba ne a fannin injiniyan kyallen jijiyoyi da kuma fasahar buga ƙwayoyin halitta na 3D. Irin waɗannan kyallen jijiyoyin da aka buga na bioprinting ana iya amfani da su wajen yin kwaikwayon cututtukan ɗan adam (kamar Alzheimer's, Parkinson's da sauransu) waɗanda suka faru saboda lalacewar hanyoyin sadarwa na jijiyoyi. Duk wani bincike kan cutar kwakwalwa yana buƙatar fahimtar yadda hanyoyin sadarwa na jijiyoyi na ɗan adam ke aiki.
Bugawa ta 3D wani tsari ne na ƙari inda ake haɗa kayan halitta na halitta ko na roba (bioink) da ƙwayoyin halitta masu rai kuma a buga, a layi-layi, a cikin tsarin nama mai girma uku kamar nama na halitta. Kwayoyin suna girma a cikin bioink kuma tsarin yana haɓaka don kwaikwayon nama na halitta ko gabobi. Wannan fasaha ta sami aikace-aikace a cikin maganin sake farfaɗowa don buga ƙwayoyin halitta, kyallen takarda da gabobi da kuma a cikin bincike a matsayin samfurin nazarin jikin ɗan adam a cikin vitro , musamman tsarin juyayi na ɗan adam.
Nazarin tsarin jijiyoyin ɗan adam yana fuskantar ƙalubale saboda rashin samun samfuran farko. Samfuran dabbobi suna da amfani amma suna fama da bambance-bambancen da suka shafi nau'ikan halittu, don haka ya zama dole a yi amfani da samfuran tsarin jijiyoyin ɗan adam a cikin vitro don bincika yadda hanyoyin sadarwar jijiyoyin ɗan adam ke aiki don nemo magunguna ga cututtukan da suka danganci lalacewar hanyoyin sadarwar jijiyoyi.
An buga kyallen jijiyoyi na ɗan adam ta hanyar amfani da ƙwayoyin tushe ta hanyar amfani da fasahar 3D a baya, amma waɗannan ba su da tsarin sadarwa na jijiyoyi. Ƙwayar da aka buga ba ta nuna cewa ta haɗu tsakanin ƙwayoyin ba saboda dalilai da yawa. An shawo kan waɗannan kurakuran yanzu.
A wani bincike da aka yi kwanan nan, masu bincike sun zaɓi fibrin hydrogel (wanda ya ƙunshi fibrinogen da thrombin) a matsayin babban ink na bioink kuma sun yi niyyar buga wani tsari mai layi wanda ƙwayoyin halitta za su iya girma da samar da synapses a ciki da kuma a fadin yadudduka, amma sun canza yadda ake tara yadudduka yayin bugawa. Maimakon hanyar gargajiya ta tara yadudduka a tsaye, sun zaɓi buga yadudduka kusa da wani a kwance. A bayyane yake, wannan ya kawo canji. An gano cewa dandamalin buga bayanai na 3D nasu yana haɗa ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi na ɗan adam masu aiki . Wani ci gaba fiye da sauran dandamali da ake da su, ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi na ɗan adam da wannan dandamali ya buga sun samar da hanyoyin sadarwa na jijiyoyi da haɗin aiki tare da sauran ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi da ƙwayoyin glial a ciki da tsakanin yadudduka. Wannan shine farkon irin wannan lamari kuma babban ci gaba ne a cikin injiniyan ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi. Haɗa ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi na dakin gwaje-gwaje wanda ke kwaikwayon kwakwalwa a cikin aiki yana da ban sha'awa. Wannan ci gaba tabbas zai taimaka wa masu bincike wajen yin kwaikwayon cututtukan kwakwalwa na ɗan adam da ke faruwa sakamakon lalacewar hanyar sadarwa ta jijiyoyi don fahimtar hanyar da za a iya samun magani mai yiwuwa.
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References:
- Cadina M., et al 2020. 3D Bioprinting of Neural Tissues. Babban Kayan Kula da Lafiya Juzu'i na 10, Fitowa ta 15 2001600. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202001600
- Yan Y., et al 2024. 3D bioprinting na mutum kyallen jijiyoyi tare da haɗin aiki. Fasahar Sadarwar Kwayoyin Halitta | Juzu'i na 31, Fitowa ta 2, P260-274.E7, Fabrairu 01, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2023.12.009
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