Sauyin yanayi sakamakon ɗumamar yanayi da ake dangantawa da yawan hayakin da ke cikin yanayi babbar barazana ce ga al'ummomi a faɗin duniya. A martanin da ya mayar, masu ruwa da tsaki suna aiki don rage hayakin carbon a cikin yanayi wanda ake ganin shine mabuɗin hana sauyin yanayi . Matakan kulle-kullen da aka ɗauka kwanan nan don dakile yaɗuwar kwayar cutar SARS CoV-2 wacce ke da alhakin annobar COVID-19 sun rage ayyukan tattalin arzikin ɗan adam na ɗan lokaci wanda ke haifar da raguwar hayaki a cikin yanayi. Wannan ya samar da yanayin da zai iya canza yanayin yanayi a nan gaba saboda raguwar hayaki. Wani bincike na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa ingantaccen ingancin iska saboda kulle-kullen bai rage yawan haɓakar iskar gas na greenhouse kamar yadda ake tsammani ba. Wannan ya faru ne saboda ƙaruwar tsawon rayuwar methane (muhimmin iskar greenhouse) kuma wani ɓangare saboda raguwar shan CO2 a teku . Wannan yana nuna cewa barazanar sauyin yanayi da gurɓatar iska ba matsaloli biyu ne daban-daban ba amma suna da alaƙa. Saboda haka, ya kamata a yi la'akari da ƙoƙarin rage hayakin greenhouse da inganta ingancin iska tare.
An ayyana cutar ta COVID-19 bayan barkewarta a birnin Wuhan na kasar Sin a matsayin barkewar damuwa a duniya a ranar 30 ga Janairu, 2020. Ba da dadewa ba ta dauki wani nau'i mai matukar tsanani kuma ta bazu a duniya kuma ta sanar da barkewar cutar a ranar 11 ga Maris 2020. Tun daga wannan lokacin, cutar ta haifar da cutar. wahalar ɗan adam da ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba da kuma barnar tattalin arziki mai yawa.
Kokarin da aka yi na dakile da kuma rage COVID-19 ya bukaci a sanya tsauraran matakai kan ayyukan dan adam ta hanyar kulle-kullen da suka haifar da raguwar ayyukan masana'antu da tattalin arziki, sufuri da tafiye-tafiyen sama na tsawon watanni da dama. Wannan ya haifar da raguwar hayakin da ke cikin yanayi. Hawan Carbon dioxide (CO2) ya ragu da kashi 5.4% a shekarar 2020. Ingancin iska ya inganta a lokacin kulle-kullen. An ga canje-canje a bayyane a cikin yanayin yanayi.
Mutum zai yi tsammanin yawan haɓakar iskar gas a cikin yanayi zai ragu saboda kullewa amma hakan bai faru ba. Duk da raguwar gurɓacewar masana'antu da hayakin ababen hawa/ sufuri, yawan haɓakar yanayi na iskar gas bai ragu ba. Madadin haka, adadin CO2 a cikin yanayi ya ci gaba da girma a kusan daidai da adadin na shekarun da suka gabata.
Wannan abin da ba a zata ba ya faru ne saboda raguwar shan CO2 daga flora na teku. Babban abin da ya haifar da hakan shi ne methane na yanayi. A lokacin da aka saba, nitrogen oxides, ɗaya daga cikin gurɓatattun iska (gurɓatattun iska guda shida sune carbon monoxide, gubar, nitrogen oxides, ozone na ƙasa, barbashi, da sulfur oxides) suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye matakin methane da ozone a cikin yanayi. Yana samar da hydroxyl radicals masu ɗan gajeren lokaci waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen wargaza iskar gas mai daɗewa kamar methane a cikin yanayi. Rage fitar da nitrogen oxides da ya shafi kullewa yana nufin rage ikon sararin samaniya na tsarkake kanta daga methane. Sakamakon haka, tsawon rayuwar methane (iskar gas mai dumama yanayi wacce ta fi tasiri wajen kama zafi a cikin yanayi fiye da CO2 ) a cikin yanayi ya ƙaru kuma yawan methane a cikin yanayi bai ragu ba tare da raguwar fitar da hayaki da ya shafi kullewa. Akasin haka, methane a cikin yanayi ya ƙaru da sauri da kashi 0.3% a bara wanda ya fi kowane lokaci a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata.
Rage yawan iskar gas mai gurbata muhalli a cikin yanayi muhimmin abu ne kuma rage fitar da hayakin carbon a lokaci-lokaci shine mabuɗin shirye-shiryen aiwatar da sauyin yanayi duk da haka, kamar yadda binciken ya nuna, martanin da aka samu game da sauyin yanayi ga canje-canjen hayakin yana da tasiri sosai ta hanyar abubuwa kamar martanin zagayowar carbon zuwa CH4 da CO2 , matakan gurɓataccen yanayi, lokaci da wurin canje-canjen hayakin, da ra'ayoyin yanayi kan ingancin iska, kamar gobarar daji da hukuncin yanayin ozone . Saboda haka, barazanar sauyin yanayi da gurɓatar iska ba matsaloli biyu ne daban-daban ba amma suna da alaƙa. Saboda haka, ya kamata a yi la'akari da ƙoƙarin rage fitar da hayakin gas mai gurbata muhalli da inganta ingancin iska tare.
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Source:
Laughner J., da sauransu 2021. Canje-canje a cikin al'umma sakamakon COVID-19 sun bayyana manyan sarkakiya da ra'ayoyi tsakanin sinadaran yanayi da sauyin yanayi . PNAS Nuwamba 16, 2021 118 (46) e2109481118; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.21094811188
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