An ƙirƙiro wata sabuwar hanyar kama carbon don sarrafa ɗumamar yanayi don kama carbon dioxide daga hayakin da ke fitowa daga burbushin mai.
Fitar da iskar gas mai gurbata muhalli ita ce babbar hanyar da ke taimakawa wajen sauyin yanayi. Fitar da iskar gas mai gurbata muhalli mai mahimmanci sakamakon manyan masana'antu da ayyukan ɗan adam ne. Yawancin waɗannan fitar da iskar gas mai gurbata muhalli suna fitowa ne daga ƙona man fetur. Jimillar yawan CO2 a cikin yanayi ya ƙaru da fiye da kashi 40 cikin ɗari tun lokacin da aka fara masana'antu. Wannan ƙaruwar hayakin mai gurbata muhalli yana ɗumama duniya a cikin abin da ake kira ' ɗumamar yanayi ' kamar yadda kwaikwaiyon kwamfuta suka nuna cewa hayakin yana da alhakin ƙaruwar matsakaicin zafin jiki na duniya a tsawon lokaci wanda ke nuna 'canjin yanayi' saboda canje-canje a yanayin ruwan sama, tsananin guguwa, matakan teku da sauransu. Don haka, ƙirƙirar hanyoyin da suka dace na 'kamawa ko kamawa' carbon dioxide daga hayakin abu ne mai mahimmanci wajen magance sauyin yanayi. Fasahar kama carbon ta kasance a can tsawon shekaru da yawa amma kwanan nan ta sami ƙarin mayar da hankali saboda damuwar muhalli.
Sabuwar hanyar kama carbon
Tsarin kama carbon ya ƙunshi kamawa da raba CO2 daga cakuda mai iskar gas, sannan a kai shi wurin ajiya da kuma adana shi nesa da sararin samaniya, wanda galibi yake ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Wannan tsari yana da matuƙar amfani da makamashi, ya ƙunshi batutuwa da dama na fasaha, haɗari da ƙuntatawa, misali, babban yuwuwar zubewa a wurin ajiya. Wani sabon bincike da aka buga a Chem ya bayyana wata hanya mai kyau ta kama carbon. Masana kimiyya a Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka sun ƙirƙiro wata hanya ta musamman don cire CO2 daga tashoshin wutar lantarki na ƙona kwal kuma wannan tsari yana buƙatar ƙarancin makamashi da kashi 24 cikin ɗari idan aka kwatanta da ma'auni waɗanda ake amfani da su a yanzu a masana'antar.
Masu bincike sun yi aiki a kan mahaɗan halitta da ake kira bis-iminoguanidines (BIGs) waɗanda ke da ikon ɗaurewa da anions masu caji mara kyau kamar yadda aka gani a cikin binciken da suka gabata. Sun yi tunanin cewa wannan takamaiman sifar BIGs ya kamata ta shafi anions na bicarbonate. Don haka BIGs na iya aiki kamar sorbent (wani abu da ke tattara wasu ƙwayoyin halitta) kuma ya canza CO2 zuwa dutse mai tauri (calcium carbonate). Soda lime cakuda ne na calcium da sodium hydroxides da masu nutsewa na scuba, jiragen ruwa da sauran wurare masu rufe numfashi ke amfani da su don tace iskar da aka fitar da kuma hana duk wani tarin CO2 mai haɗari. Sannan ana iya sake amfani da iskar sau da yawa. Misali, sake numfashi ga masu nutsewa na scuba yana ba su damar zama a ƙarƙashin ruwa na dogon lokaci wanda in ba haka ba ba zai yiwu ba.
Hanya na musamman wanda ke buƙatar ƙarancin makamashi
Bisa ga wannan fahimtar, sun ƙirƙiro zagayowar rabuwar CO2 wadda ta yi amfani da maganin BIG na ruwa. A cikin wannan hanyar kama carbon, sun wuce iskar gas ta cikin maganin wanda ya sa ƙwayoyin CO2 suka ɗaure zuwa BIG sorbent kuma wannan ɗaurewar zai sanya su cikin wani nau'in dutse mai ƙarfi na halitta . Lokacin da aka dumama waɗannan daskararru zuwa digiri 120 na Celsius, za a saki CO2 da aka ɗaure wanda za a iya adana shi. Tunda wannan tsari yana faruwa a ƙananan yanayin zafi idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin kama carbon da ake da su, kuzarin da ake buƙata don aikin yana raguwa. Kuma, ana iya sake narkar da daskararru a cikin ruwa kuma a sake yin amfani da shi don sake amfani da shi.
Fasahar kama carbon na yanzu suna da batutuwa masu tsayi da yawa kamar matsala ta ajiya, tsadar makamashi da sauransu. Batu na farko shine amfani da sorbents na ruwa wanda ko dai ya ɓace ko kuma ya lalace cikin lokaci kuma yana buƙatar aƙalla kashi 60 na jimlar makamashi don dumama su wanda yake da kyau sosai. babba. Sorbent mai ƙarfi a cikin binciken na yanzu ya shawo kan ƙarancin kuzari saboda an kama CO2 daga gishiri mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi wanda ke buƙatar kusan kashi 24 cikin 10 mafi ƙarancin kuzari. Haka kuma babu asara mai tsoka ko da bayan zagayowar 2 a jere. Wannan ƙananan buƙatar makamashi na iya rage farashin kama carbon kuma idan muka yi la'akari da biliyoyin ton na COXNUMX, wannan hanya za ta iya yin tasiri sosai ta hanyar yin watsi da hayaƙin greenhouse ta hanyar kamawa.
Ɗaya daga cikin iyakokin wannan binciken shine ƙarancin ƙarfin CO2 da kuma yawan sha wanda ya faru ne saboda ƙarancin narkewar BIG sorbent a cikin ruwa . Masu bincike suna neman haɗa sinadaran gargajiya kamar amino acid zuwa waɗannan BIG sorbents don magance wannan iyakancewa. An yi gwajin na yanzu akan ƙaramin sikelin inda aka cire kashi 99 cikin 100 na CO2 daga iskar gas. Ana buƙatar a ƙara inganta tsarin don a iya ƙara girmansa don kama aƙalla tan na CO2 kowace rana da kuma daga kowace nau'in hayaki daban-daban. Dole ne hanyar ta kasance mai ƙarfi wajen magance gurɓatattun abubuwa a cikin hayaki. Babban burin fasahar kama carbon shine ɗaukar CO2 kai tsaye daga yanayi ta amfani da hanya mai araha da inganci.
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Source (s)
Williams N et al. 2019. CO2 Kama ta hanyar Crystalline Hydrogen-Bonded Bicarbonate Dimers. Chem.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2018.12.025
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