Nauyin Cuta: Yadda COVID-19 ya Shafi Tsawon Rayuwa

A cikin ƙasashe kamar Burtaniya, Amurka da Italiya waɗanda cutar ta COVID-19 ta shafa, tsawon rayuwar rayuwa ya ragu da aƙalla shekaru 1.2-1.3.

Cututtuka da abubuwan haɗari suna haifar da mutuwa da nakasa da wuri kuma suna haifar da 'nauyi' akan mutane da al'umma. Wannan yana iyakancewa mutane rayuwa tsawon rai cikin cikakkiyar lafiya. Akwai nau'i-nau'i da yawa na nauyin cutar kamar tattalin arziki da kudi, zafi da wahalar ɗan adam ko asarar lokaci cikin cikakkiyar lafiya ga daidaikun mutane. A matsayin ma'auni mai ƙididdigewa, ana iya ƙididdige nauyin da ke tattare da wata cuta ta cikin sharuddan DALY (Shekarun Gyaran Rayuwa na Nakasa) wanda aka ayyana a matsayin jimlar shekarun rayuwar da aka rasa (YLL) saboda mutuwar da ba a kai ba da kuma shekarun rayuwa tare da nakasa. YLD) a cikin yawan jama'a da ake la'akari.   

Cutar ta COVID-19 ta haifar da babban nauyi a kan mutane da al'umma a duk duniya. Nauyin da ke tattare da COVID-19 yana da girma dabam-dabam amma a nan, muna magana ne kan ''asarar shekaru masu kyau na rayuwa'' kamar yadda aka auna dangane da DALY da matakan da ke da alaƙa musamman tasirin rayuwa a lokacin haihuwa a ƙasashe daban-daban.  

A Ingila da Wales, an samu mace-mace sama da 57,419 da suka shafi COVID-19 a cikin makonni 47 na farko na 2020. Kashi 55% na wadanda abin ya shafa maza ne. Karuwar shekaru da kuma kasancewarsu maza na da alaka da karuwar hadarin mutuwa. An rage tsawon rai da shekaru 1.2 ga maza da kuma shekaru 0.9 ga mata daga shekarar 2019. ^Tsofaffin mutane da ke zaune a gidajen kulawa a Burtaniya suna da mace-mace mafi girma fiye da tsofaffi da ke zaune a cikin al'umma baki daya. Wani bincike da aka gudanar kan mazauna gidajen kulawa a Scotland ya gano cewa tsawon rai ya ragu da kimanin watanni shida a lokacin ^annobar.

Amurka tana cikin ƙasashen da cutar ta fi shafa. An kiyasta cewa tsawon rayuwar Amurka a shekarar 2020 zai ragu da shekaru 1.13 saboda COVID-19. Rage tsawon rayuwar ƙabilun Baƙar fata da Latino zai ninka sau 3-4. Wannan yanayin zai ci gaba a shekarar 2021. Sakamakon haka, gibin da ke tsakanin fararen fata da baƙar fata zai ƙaru ^{sau 3.} A cewar wani ƙiyasi, shekarun da aka rasa rayuka (YLLs) sakamakon mutuwar COVID-19 a Amurka ya kai kusan miliyan 1.2 ^, wanda ke nufin kimanin mutane miliyan 1.2 za su sake rayuwa na tsawon shekara guda idan ba a sami annobar ba.

A Italiya, ya zuwa ranar 28 ga Afrilu 2020, jimillar shekarun da aka rasa (YLLs) sakamakon mutuwar da ba a yi ba sakamakon COVID-19 sun kai 81,718 (a cikin maza) da kuma 39,096 (a cikin mata) wanda tare da YLLD ya kai 2.01 DALYs a cikin kowace al'umma 1000. Nauyin ya fi yawa a tsakanin shekaru 80-89 na rukuni na ⁵.

Kiyasin da aka yi a sama game da nauyin cutar da COVID-19 ke haifarwa ya takaita ne saboda har yanzu cutar na ci gaba da yaduwa kuma bayanai da ake da su suna da iyaka a kusan dukkan wurare. A kan lokaci, za a auna kiyasin GBD da aka danganta da COVID-19 don bayar da cikakken bayani. Duk da haka, a ƙasashe kamar Burtaniya, Amurka da Italiya waɗanda annobar ta fi shafa, tsawon rayuwar mutane ya ragu da akalla shekaru 1.2-1.3. Yana iya ɗaukar shekaru da dama a nan gaba kafin a cike wannan gibin.

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References:   

1. Aburto JM, Kashyap R, Schöley J, et al. Ƙididdiga nauyin cutar ta COVID-19 akan mace-mace, tsawon rai da rashin daidaituwar rayuwa a Ingila da Wales: nazarin matakin yawan jama'a. J Epidemiol Community Health Buga Kan layi Farko: 19 Janairu 2021. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-215505  

2. Burton JK., Reid M., et al., 2021. Tasirin COVID-19 akan Mutuwar Kulawar Gida da Tsammanin Rayuwa a Scotland. Preprint medRxiv. An buga 15 Janairu 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.15.21249871  

3. Andrasfay T., da Goldman N., 2021. Ragewa a cikin 2020 tsawon rayuwar Amurka saboda COVID-19 da rashin daidaituwar tasiri akan yawan Baƙar fata da Latino. PNAS Fabrairu 2, 2021 118 (5) e2014746118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2014746118  

4. Quast T., Andel R., et al 2020. Shekarun rayuwa da aka rasa masu alaƙa da mutuwar COVID-19 a cikin Amurka, Jaridar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, Juzu'i 42, Fitowa 4, Disamba 2020, Shafukan 717-722, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaa159  

5. Nurchis MC., Pascucci D., et al 2020. Tasirin Nauyin COVID-19 a Italiya: Sakamako na Shekarun Rayuwa Masu Daidaita Nakasa (DALYs) da Rasa Yawan Samfura. Int. J. Muhalli. Res. Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a 2020, 17(12), 4233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124233   

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