Shin cutar ta SARS CoV-2 ta samo asali ne a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje?

Babu wani haske kan asalin halittar SARS CoV-2 saboda ba a sami matsakaicin masaukin baki ba tukuna wanda ke watsa ta daga jemagu zuwa ga mutane. A gefe guda, akwai dalilai masu ma'ana don ba da shawarar asalin dakin gwaje-gwaje bisa gaskiyar cewa samun aikin bincike (wanda ke haifar da maye gurbi a cikin virus ta maimaita wucewar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin layin salula), ana gudanar da shi a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje 

Cutar COVID-19 ta haifar da SARS CoV-2 virus ya yi barna da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba ga baki daya duniya ba kawai ta fuskar tattalin arziki ba har ma ya haifar da tasirin tunani akan mutane wanda zai ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo kafin a warke. Tun bayan barkewar cutar a Wuhan a watan Nuwamba/Disamba 2019, an gabatar da dabaru da dama game da asalinsa. Mafi na kowa yana nufin rigar kasuwa a ciki Wuhan inda virus tsalle nau'in daga jemagu zuwa mutane ta hanyar tsaka-tsaki mai masaukin baki, saboda yanayin watsawa na zoonotic kamar yadda aka gani a SARS (jemagu zuwa civets ga mutane) da MERS (jemagu zuwa rakuma ga mutane) ƙwayoyin cuta^1,2. Koyaya, a cikin shekarar da ta gabata ko makamancin haka, babu wani haske game da tsaka-tsakin mai masaukin baki na SARS CoV2. virus. Wata ka'idar tana nufin kwatsam kwatsam na kwayar cutar daga Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan (WIV) inda masanan kimiyya ke gudanar da bincike kan coronaviruses. Don fahimtar dalilin da yasa ka'idar ta ƙarshe ta sami shahara sosai a cikin shekarar da ta gabata ko makamancin haka, mutum yana buƙatar komawa baya cikin abubuwan da suka faru a baya-bayan nan, daga 2011, don bincika yanayin asalin irin waɗannan coronaviruses waɗanda zasu iya haifar da cuta a cikin mutane. . 

A shekara ta 2012, wasu ma'aikatan hakar ma'adinai shida da ke aiki a wata ma'adinan tagulla da jemagu suka mamaye a kudancin kasar Sin (Lardin Yunnan) sun kamu da cutar ta jemage. coronavirus³, wanda aka sani da RaTG13. Dukkansu sun sami alamun alamun kamar alamun COVID-19 kuma uku ne kawai suka tsira. An dauki samfuran kwayar cutar daga wadannan masu hakar ma'adinai kuma an mika su ga Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan, dakin gwaje-gwajen halittu na 4 kawai a kasar Sin da ke nazarin jemage. karafuranni. Shi Zheng-Li da abokan aikin WIV sun yi bincike kan SARS CoV ƙwayoyin cuta daga jemagu a ƙoƙarin fahimtar asalin irin waɗannan coronaviruses⁴. Ana hasashen cewa WIV ta gudanar da bincike na aiki⁵, wanda ya haɗa da wucewar waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta in vitro da in vivo a cikin ƙoƙari don haɓaka ƙwayoyin cuta, haɓakawa, da antigenicity. Wannan riba na binciken aikin ya sha bamban da injiniyan kwayoyin halitta ƙwayoyin cuta su zama masu kisa ta fuskar iyawarsu ta haddasa cututtuka. Manufar da ke tattare da bayar da kuɗi da gudanar da bincike na aiki shine ci gaba da kasancewa mataki na gaba ƙwayoyin cuta don fahimtar kamuwa da cutar su a cikin mutane don mu kasance cikin shiri mafi kyau a matsayin ɗan adam idan irin wannan lamari ya taso.  

Don haka, mai yiyuwa ne kwayar cutar SARS CoV-2 ta tsere ta bazata lokacin da ta bayyana a karshen shekarar 2019 a cikin birnin Wuhan, kodayake babu wata kwakkwarar hujja da ta tabbatar da hakan. Mafi kusancin dangin wannan virus RaTG13 ne wanda aka samo samfurin daga masu hakar ma'adinai na Yunnan. RaTG13 ba shine kashin bayan SARS CoV-2 ba don haka ya musanta ka'idar cewa SARS-CoV-2 an yi aikin injiniyan kwayoyin halitta. Koyaya, samfuran SARS masu alaƙa ƙwayoyin cuta don gudanar da bincike da kuma samun ci gaba na binciken aikin (yana haifar da maye gurbi) wataƙila ya haifar da haɓakar SARS CoV-2. Samun aiki baya haɗa da sarrafa kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar injiniyan kwayoyin halitta. Tsarin kwayoyin halitta na sabon virus An samo daga marasa lafiya 5 na farko da suka kamu da COVID-19 sun nuna cewa wannan kwayar cutar ta kasance 79.6% daidai da kwayar cutar ta SARS.⁶. 

Da farko, duniyar kimiyya ta yi tunanin cewa SARS CoV-2 virus ya yi tsalle daga nau'in dabbobi (jemagu) zuwa matsakaicin masauki sannan kuma zuwa ga mutane⁷ kamar yadda ya faru da SARS da MERS ƙwayoyin cuta kamar yadda aka ambata a sama. Duk da haka, rashin iya samun mai masaukin baki na tsawon watanni 18 da suka gabata ya haifar da ka'idar makirci.⁸ cewa virus za a iya bazata daga dakin binciken. Hakanan yana iya yiwuwa SARS CoV-2 virus ya fito daga ma'ajiyar kayan ƙwayoyin cuta An riga an gudanar da shi a cikin WIV⁹ kamar yadda virus An riga an daidaita shi da kyau don cutar da ƙwayoyin ɗan adam. Idan da ya kasance na asali na halitta, da ya ɗauki ɗan lokaci don haifar da ƙimar watsawa da mutuwa wanda ya yi. 

Har yanzu ba a da tabbas game da ko SARS CoV-2 yana da asalin halitta ko kuma mutum ne ya yi (samar da aikin da ke haifar da maye gurbi) wanda da gangan ya tsere daga dakin gwaje-gwaje. Babu wata kwakkwarar hujja da za ta goyi bayan ko wanne daga cikin ra'ayoyin. Koyaya, dangane da gaskiyar cewa ba mu sami damar samun ma'aikacin matsakaici don watsa zoonotic na wannan ba. virus hade tare da gaskiyar cewa virus An riga an daidaita shi sosai don haifar da kamuwa da cuta a cikin sel ɗan adam da kuma binciken da ke da alaƙa a WIV a Wuhan inda virus ya samo asali, yana nuna cewa samfur ne na samun aikin bincike wanda ya tsere daga ɗakin binciken. 

Ana buƙatar ƙarin shaida da bincike don kafa tabbataccen shaida ba kawai don fahimtar asalin SARS-CoV2 ba. virus amma kuma don inganta duk wani irin wannan hatsarin da zai faru nan gaba idan ya yiwu ya tashi don ceton ɗan adam daga fushin irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta. 

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